IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SHORT DISTANCE RUNNING IN SOME SELECTED FIRST DIVISION OF ADDIS ABEBA ATHLETICS CLUB By JEMAL GETAHUN ATHESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES OF ADDIS ABABA UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTERS OF SCIENCE IN ATHLETICS COACHING. July 2012 Addis Ababa IMPROVING THE PERFORMANCE OF SHORT DISTANCE RUNNING IN SOME SELECTED FIRST DIVISION OF ADDIS ABEBA ATHLETICS CLUB By:- JEMAL GETAHUN Approval of the board of examiners Chairman, department graduate committee ______________________________ ______________________ Advisor _______________________________ ______________________ Internal examiner _______________________________ _____________________ July 2012 Addis Ababa Acknowledgements First I would like to thank my creator Allah and next I would like to express my deepest gratitude to my advisor Assistance Pro.Wondimu Tadesse for his invaluable professional advice and constructive comment in my endeavor to undertake this study. I am also very much indebted to him for his critical review of each and every piece of the work and his good approach. My special gratitude also goes to my mother Semgne Issa, My grandmother Kedeja Seliman my brother Eberhim Getahun and Ato Mohammed Getahun, my sister Meryem Ali, the whole family and sport science department for the educational path way they set me. My sincere and heartedly felt gratitude also goes to my wife, Shemsia Mohammed, for her unreserved commitment to the success of my work in the graduate program. I would also like to express my appreciation to my friends: Ato Nurhusin Abeduku, Ato Belisa Abdu, Ato Deni Helil, Ato Addis Ederis, & Ato Fanuale Menasie, and teacher Haimanot who have helped me in reading the thesis and gave me valuable comments from the very beginning to the end of the work. Finally, I would like to thank My student Menbere Getachew, athlete Umer Nsru, typist Hawa Ahmed, Ato Worku Seleye and Dilachen school director Ato Danile Dejnie who have provided me collect the questionnaires, typing this thesis, material, information about clubs and moral support while pursuing my studies in the graduate program. i Table of Contents Content Page Acknowledgement …………………………………………………………………………………i Table of content …………………………………………………………………………………...ii List of table ………………………………………………………………………………………..v Abstract …………………………………………………………………………………………...vi Acronyms ………………………………………………………………………………………..vii CHAPTER ONE..................................................................................................................................... 1 INTRUDCTION......................................................................................................................................1 1.1 Background..........................................................................................................................................1 1.2 Statement of the problem.....................................................................................................................2 1.3 Objectives.............................................................................................................................................2 1.4 Significance of the study......................................................................................................................3 1.5 Delimitation of the study..................................................................................................................... 3 1.6 Limitation of the Study........................................................................................................................ 3 1.7 Operational Definition of Terms..........................................................................................................4 1.8 Organization of the Study.................................................................................................................... 4 CHAPTER TWO.................................................................................................................................... 5 REVIEW LITRATUR............................................................................................................................5 2.1 Athletics............................................................................................................................................... 5 2.2 The history development of sprints......................................................................................................7 2.3 A philosophy for coaching the sprint events......................................................................................14 2.4. Energy used in the body...................................................................................................................15 2.5 Energy production in muscle ................................................................................................................. 2.6 Components of the sprint race........................................................................................................... 19 2.7 The whole /part / whole teaching method for sprinters..................................................................... 21 2.8. Training Sprinters............................................................................................................................. 21 ii 2.9 How do we develop Speed?...............................................................................................................26 2.10 The speed dynamic approach to sprint training............................................................................... 29 2.11 Running economy and improved running performance.................................................................. 31 2.12 Universal principles of training....................................................................................................... 34 2.13 Planned Performance Training........................................................................................................ 36 2.14 Systematic training...........................................................................................................................37 2.15 Warm-up and cool- down................................................................................................................ 38 2.16 Testing and Evaluation for sprinters................................................................................................39 2.17 Coaching roles................................................................................................................................. 41 2.18 Coach athlete training roles............................................................................................................. 42 2.19 Coaching Styles............................................................................................................................... 44 2.20 Event specific nutrition....................................................................................................................46 2.21 The Factors Affecting Performance.................................................................................................48 CHAPTER THREE.............................................................................................................................. 56 RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY.................................................................................. 56 3.1 Research design................................................................................................................................. 56 3.2 Sources of Data..................................................................................................................................56 3.3 Sampling procedure........................................................................................................................... 57 3.4 Instruments of data collection............................................................................................................57 3.5 Procedures of Data Collection........................................................................................................... 58 3.6 Methods of Data Analysis..................................................................................................................58 CHAPTER FOUR...................................................................................................................................59 ANALYSES AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA.............................................................................59 4.1 Analysis of Findings Obtained From clubs....................................................................................... 59 4.1.1 Background Information of club short distance athletes............................................................59 4.2 Talent scouting and athletes selection criteria................................................................................... 60 4.3 Training...........................................................................................................................................62 iii 4.4 Methods of Training on clubs............................................................................................................64 4.5 Principles of Training........................................................................................................................ 66 4.6 The major problems short distance runner in clubs ………………………………………………..68 4.7 Measurement and