Lifting the Eyepatch The Business Models of Piracy DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr.rer.pol.) der Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Vorgelegt von Dipl.-Kfm. Hans-Christian Stockfisch, MBA (Bonn) Hamburg, den 24.11.2017 Erstgutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Klaus Beckmann Zweitgutachter: Univ.-Prof. Dr.-Ing. Orestis Schinas Lifting the Eyepatch The Business Models of Piracy Dissertation zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Doktors der Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften (Dr.rer.pol.) der Fakultät Wirtschafts- und Sozialwissenschaften der Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Eingereicht von: Dipl.-Kfm. Hans-Christian Stockfisch, MBA Schenkendorfstraße 22, 22085 Hamburg [email protected] Wissenschaftliche Betreuung: Univ.-Prof. Dr. Klaus Beckmann Professur für Public Economics Helmut-Schmidt-Universität, Universität der Bundeswehr Univ.-Prof. Dr. Orestis Schinas Professur für Shipping und Ship Finance HSBA Hamburg School of Business Administration Hamburg, 24.11.2017 IV Index Deckblatt .................................................................................................................................... III Inhaltsangabe ............................................................................................................................IV Inhaltsverzeichnis ...................................................................................................................... V Abkürzungsverzeichnis ..........................................................................................................VIII Abbildungsverzeichnis ...............................................................................................................IX Tabellenverzeichnis ..................................................................................................................XII Hauptteil ...................................................................................................................................... 1 Literaturverzeichnis ................................................................................................................ 144 V Table of Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 1.1 Problem Statement .................................................................................................. 2 1.2 Research Objectives ............................................................................................... 4 1.3 Limitations of the Research ................................................................................... 5 2 Current State of Research ..................................................................................... 7 2.1 Academic Field of Maritime Piracy ........................................................................ 7 2.2 Economics of Crime .............................................................................................. 11 2.3 Economics of Maritime Piracy ............................................................................. 14 3 Methodology .......................................................................................................... 15 3.1 Research Design ................................................................................................... 15 3.2 Data Collection....................................................................................................... 17 3.3 Data Modeling ........................................................................................................ 21 4 Economic Perspective ......................................................................................... 22 4.1 Root Causes ........................................................................................................... 22 4.1.1 Economic Dislocation ................................................................................... 22 4.1.2 Weak Authorities .......................................................................................... 23 4.1.3 Social Acceptance ........................................................................................ 26 4.2 Process of Sophistication .................................................................................... 29 4.2.1 Incorporation Approach ................................................................................ 30 4.2.2 Implementation of Hierarchy ........................................................................ 31 4.2.3 Initiation of Criminal Governance ................................................................. 34 4.3 Impact ..................................................................................................................... 36 4.3.1 Impact on the Maritime Industry ................................................................... 37 4.3.2 Regional Impact ............................................................................................ 38 4.3.3 Global Impact ................................................................................................ 43 4.4 Deduced Economic Factors ................................................................................. 44 VI 5 Business Perspective .......................................................................................... 47 5.1 South-East Asia: Grand Theft .............................................................................. 47 5.1.1 PESTLE ........................................................................................................ 50 5.1.1.1 Political ..................................................................................................... 50 5.1.1.2 Economic ................................................................................................. 54 5.1.1.3 Social ....................................................................................................... 57 5.1.1.4 Technological ........................................................................................... 59 5.1.1.5 Legal ........................................................................................................ 60 5.1.1.6 Environmental .......................................................................................... 61 5.1.2 Canvas .......................................................................................................... 62 5.1.2.1 Key Partners ............................................................................................ 62 5.1.2.2 Key Activities............................................................................................ 65 5.1.2.3 Key Resources......................................................................................... 67 5.1.2.4 Value Proposition ..................................................................................... 68 5.1.2.5 Customer Relationships........................................................................... 69 5.1.2.6 Channels .................................................................................................. 69 5.1.2.7 Customer Segments ................................................................................ 69 5.1.2.8 Cost Structure .......................................................................................... 70 5.1.2.9 Revenue Streams .................................................................................... 71 5.1.2.10 Canvas Business Model ........................................................................ 73 5.2 West-Africa: Armed Robbery ............................................................................... 74 5.2.1 PESTLE ........................................................................................................ 77 5.2.1.1 Political ..................................................................................................... 77 5.2.1.2 Economic ................................................................................................. 80 5.2.1.3 Social ....................................................................................................... 83 5.2.1.4 Technological ........................................................................................... 84 5.2.1.5 Legal ........................................................................................................ 85 5.2.1.6 Environmental .......................................................................................... 87 5.2.2 Canvas .......................................................................................................... 88 5.2.2.1 Key Partners ............................................................................................ 88 5.2.2.2 Key Activities............................................................................................ 90 5.2.2.3 Key Resources......................................................................................... 91 5.2.2.4 Value Proposition ..................................................................................... 93 VII 5.2.2.5 Customer Relationships........................................................................... 93 5.2.2.6 Channels .................................................................................................. 94 5.2.2.7 Customer Segments ...............................................................................