ORANGE RIVER PROJECT ORANGe–VAAL TRANSFER SCHEME South Africa Orange–Vaal Transfer RUSTENBURG Scheme MAHIKENG PRETORIA MIDDELBURG Town NORTH WEST JOHANNESBURG River and dam s GAUTENG t r a Provincial boundary H t ts MBABANE oo ar ERMELO Gr H Loop LOCATION in e International boundary Kl VEREENINGING POTCHEFSTROOM Vaal K l r Vaal Dam a KLERKSDORP o rv Vaal River catchment m ate The Orange–Vaal Transfer Scheme (also known as the Harts Yster e W Witbank lm Vaal b M o Koppies og B a Grootdraai a k m Dam Orange–Douglas Government Water Scheme) is located on w Vaal Dam b a o s Klip e s i s e H Vals eu Renoster Wilge the Orange and Vaal rivers, near the confluence of the two. KURUMAN nin g Krom KROONSTAD Hol i e l NEWCASTLE FREE STATE Vals V s VRYHEID g Blom r Bloemhof WELKOM e b n DESCRIPTION e Dam b e i D Sa Allemanskraal L NORTHERN Vet o nd rin Dam HARRISMITH The transfer scheme consists of the Marksdrift Pump CAPE g BETHLEHEM B o Erfenis Dam s Vaal s i Laai Taaibos PHUTHADITJABA e Station, located on the Orange River, and Douglas Klein Vet KWAZULU- G Sterkfontein Dam ro 3 KIMBERLEY Krugersdrif Dam o NATAL t V Weir (full supply capacity, 16 million m ), located on Doring et RITCHIE der Mod DOUGLAS the Vaal River, as well as three canals, namely: JACOBSDAL BLOEMFONTEIN Rustfontein ge Riet M MASERU an Kalkfontein Dam o r d Bosman Canal (or Orange–Vaal Canal): O d The transfer Orange e Dam Tierpoort r Dam LESOTHO scheme consists of a pump station at Marksdrift, with ie PRIESKA Four PIETERMARITZBURG the 22-km Bosman Canal ending at Douglas Weir. N Originally, the canal was unlined, but in 1994 the Vanderkloof DURBAN Dam concrete lining of the canal began. The Bosman Canal 0 25 50 75 100km is managed by the Douglas Irrigation Board. Upper Orange Transfer Scheme Douglas Canal: Water is released from Douglas Weir via the 24-km Douglas Canal to the confluence of the Vaal and Orange rivers, along the left bank of the Vaal River. Alberton Canal (or Atherton Canal): Water is Douglas Weir is part of the Orange–Vaal Transfer reach 1,400 mg/ℓ. When the system was built, it released from Douglas Weir via an unlined third Scheme. It was initially completed in 1896 and raised was anticipated that occasional floods would assist in canal, the Alberton Canal, which runs along the in 1977. A build-up of salts occurs within the system, washing the salts from the system. However, this has not right-hand side of the Vaal River to the Atherton Plots. due to the irrigation return flows, which sometimes been successful. From: The Orange–Senqu River Basin Infrastructure Catalogue, ORASECOM Report 001/2013 Orange–VAAL TRANSFER SCHEME Vaal Orange–Vaal Transfer PURPOSE Town Scheme (adapted from ORASECOM, 2007a) Before 1984, Douglas Weir was supplied from Bloemhof Dam. However, during the Irrigable land 1980s a severe drought occurred which resulted in water restrictions. The Bosman Douglas Weir River Canal (or Orange–Vaal Canal) was built in 1984 as an emergency scheme to aid in Canal Alberton the critical water shortages. In 1986 the emergency scheme was incorporated into Canal P Pump station the Orange–Douglas Government Water Scheme. Currently the scheme is used to supply an irrigation area of 8,113 ha. It is also used Douglas to improve water quality as salinity levels have increased in recent years. Alberton plots The Douglas Irrigation Board regulates the amount of water transferred to farmers Die Erwe plots along the Douglas Weir and the Riet River downstream of Soutpansdrift, as well Orange–Vaal or Bosman as the areas along the Vaal River downstream of the Douglas Weir served by the Canal Douglas Bucklands and Atherton canals. Canal Vaal The Atherton Canal supplies water to irrigators on the northern bank of the Vaal River, Marksdrift P and the Bucklands Canal transports water for 24 km to irrigators on the southern bank Bucklands of the Vaal River. settlement Orange PHYSICAL INFORMATION 1 0 1 2 3km Canal name Length (km) Capacity (m3/s) N Bosman (or Orange–Vaal) 22 12 OPERATING RULE Douglas 24 7 The Bloemhof Dam is operated in a manner that allows as little water as possible to Atherton (or Alberton) Unknown Unknown enter the Douglas Weir via the Vaal River, and all water demands are met from the Orange River. To prevent supply problems along these sections of the Vaal River, the Bucklands 24 Unknown Douglas Weir must be operated at not less than 1.1 m below full supply level. Source: ORASECOM The Douglas Weir irrigation schemes are operated to minimise pumping costs and water wastage. Inflows and spillages are kept to a minimum and under normal operating conditions these areas are dependent on imported water from the Orange River..