Systematic & Applied Acarology ± ,661 SULQW KWWSVGRLRUJVDD ,661 RQOLQH $UWLFOHKWWS]RREDQNRUJXUQOVLG]RREDQNRUJSXE'&(%)'%() $ QHZ VSHFLHV RI Zercon 3DUDVLWLIRUPHV 0HVRVWLJPDWD IURP 1RUZD\ZLWKQRWHVRQVH[XDOGLPRUSKLVPLQ=HUFRQLGDH 6à$:20,5.$&=0$5(.720$6=0$548$5'7 $11$6(1,&=$. 1Department of Evolutionary Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kazimierz Wielki University, Bydgoszcz, Poland 2Department of Natural History, University Museum of Bergen, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway Corresponding author: [email protected] $EVWUDFW ,QWKLVSDSHUZHGHVFULEHDQGLOOXVWUDWH Zercon hamaricusVSQRYEDVHGRQDOOSRVWHPEU\RQLFVWDJHVREWDLQHG IURPVRLOVDPSOHVDQGODERUDWRU\FXOWXUHV7KHQHZVSHFLHVEHORQJVWRDVSHFLHVJURXSLQZKLFKGRUVDOVHWDHJ1± J4LQIHPDOHVDUHVKRUWDQGVLPLODULQOHQJWKDQGJ5DUHFRQVLGHUDEO\ORQJHU,QPRVWVSHFLHVRIWKLVJURXS RSLVWKRQRWDOVHWDHJ5DQGZ4DUHFOHDUO\GLVSODFHGDQWHULRUO\Zercon hamaricusVSQRYLVPRVWVLPLODUWRZ. forsslundi6HOOQLFNDQGWRDOHVVH[WHQWWRZ. polonicus%áDV]DN7KHIHPDOHVRIZ. forsslundiZ. polonicusDQGZ. hamaricusVSQRYFDQEHGLVWLQJXLVKHGEDVHGRQWKHUDQJHRI J5WKHOHQJWKDQGFKDUDFWHURI WKH ZDQGSVHULHVVHWDHWKHGLVWDQFHEHWZHHQVHWDHZ5DQGWKHORFDWLRQRI gdZ3:HDOVRLQFOXGHFRPSDUDWLYH LQIRUPDWLRQRQRWKHUUHODWHGVSHFLHVRIZercon7KHQHZVSHFLHVLVRQHRIWKHVL[NQRZQVSHFLHVWKDWKDYHFOHDUO\ YLVLEOHVH[XDOGLPRUSKLVPLQRSLVWKRQRWDOFKDHWRWD[\ .H\ZRUGV]HUFRQLGPLWHVODERUDWRU\FXOWXUHPRUSKRORJ\LPPDWXUHVWDJHVVSHFLHVGLVWULEXWLRQ ,QWURGXFWLRQ 7KHIDPLO\=HUFRQLGDH&DQHVWULQLFXUUHQWO\LQFOXGHVPRUHWKDQGHVFULEHGVSHFLHVDQG JHQHUDDQGLVZLGHO\GLVWULEXWHGWKURXJKRXWWKH1RUWKHUQ+HPLVSKHUHLQFOXGLQJKLJKDOWLWXGHVDQG DUFWLF DUHDV 6HOOQLFN +DODãNRYi %áDV]DN D E %áDV]DNet al.0DãiQ )HQćD/LQGTXLVWet al.%HDXOLHXet al.6LNRUD )DOHĔF]\N.R]LUyJet al..DYLDQSRXUet al.0DUFKHQNR.DUDFD 8UKDQ .DUDFD .DF]PDUHN et al. (LJKW VSHFLHV RI =HUFRQLGDH KDYH EHHQ UHSRUWHG IURP FRQWLQHQWDO 1RUZD\²RQH RI Parazercon WZR RI Prozercon DQG ILYH RI Zercon *ZLD]GRZLF] *XOYLN D *ZLD]GRZLF] et al. 7KH UHFHQWO\ FRQILUPHG Z. lindrothi /XQGTYLVW -RKQVWRQ %ROJHU et al. ZDV HDUOLHU UHFRUGHG IURP 1RUZD\ /XQGTYLVW -RKQVWRQ EXWLVQRWPHQWLRQHGLQFKHFNOLVWRI*ZLD]GRZLF] *XOYLN D 2WKHUZerconVSHFLHVZ. baloghi6HOOQLFNZ. curiosus7UlJDUGKDQGZ. triangularis&/ .RFKKDYHEHHQHDUOLHUUHSRUWHGIURP1RUZD\E\6ORPLDQet al. ZKLOHZ. zelawaiensis 6HOOQLFN >OLVWHG E\ 0HKO DV ZerconFIzelawaiensis@ KDV EHHQ FRQILUPHG E\ *ZLD]GRZLF] *XOYLN E $OODERYHPHQWLRQHGUHFRUGVRIZerconRULJLQDWHIURPWKHVRXWKHUQ SDUWRI1RUZD\ 9HVWODQGFRXQW\ 0RVWRIWKHZerconVSHFLHVGHVFULEHGVRIDUEHORQJWRDJURXSLQ ZKLFKWKHRSLVWKRQRWDOFKDHWRWD[\RIPDOHVDQGIHPDOHVLVYHU\VLPLODU HJ+DODãNRYi %áDV]DN 6LNRUD 8UKDQ .DUDFD +RZHYHU LQ D IHZ VSHFLHV WKH PDOHV DQG IHPDOHVVKRZFOHDUGLIIHUHQFHVLQRSLVWKRQRWDOFKDHWRWD[\DSKHQRPHQRQWKDWZDVILUVWGHVFULEHGE\ 6HOOQLFN LQZ forsslundi6LQFHWKHQVRPHRWKHUZerconVSHFLHVZLWKFOHDUVH[XDOGLPRUSKLVP LQFKDHWRWD[\KDYHEHHQGHVFULEHGDQGGLIIHUHQFHVEHWZHHQPDOHVDQGIHPDOHVKDYHDOVREHHQIRXQG 6<67(0$7,& $33/,('$&$52/2*<92/ LQFKHOLFHUDOPRUSKRORJ\K\SRVWRPDODQGSDOSDOFKDHWRWD[\DQGVRPHPRUSKRORJLFDOFKDUDFWHUVRI WKHYHQWHU %áDV]DN+DODãNRYi%áDV]DN 6NRUXSVNL&ӽOXJӽU±8MYiUL DE6LNRUD)DOHĔF]\N.R]LUyJet al. :HKHUHLQGHVFULEHDQHZVSHFLHV Zercon hamaricusVSQRYLQFOXGLQJDIXOORQWRJHQHWLF VHULHVFRPSDUHLWVPRUSKRORJ\ZLWKWKHPRVWVLPLODUFRQJHQHUVDQGGLVFXVVWKHSKHQRPHQRQRI VH[XDOGLPRUSKLVPLQ=HUFRQLGDH 0DWHULDODQG0HWKRGV 6SHFLPHQVRIZercon hamaricus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et al. DVFOHDUO\H[SODLQHGLQWKHWH[W$OOPHDVXUHPHQWVDUHJLYHQ LQPLFURPHWUHV ȝP 7KHVHWDOWHUPLQRORJ\XVHGLQWKHGHVFULSWLRQRIZ. hamaricusVSQRYIROORZV /LQGTXLVW (YDQV DQG/LQGTXLVW 0RUD]D IRULGLRVRPDOVHWDWLRQDQG-RKQVWRQ 0RUD]D IRUWKHQRWDWLRQRIGHUPDOJODQGVDQGO\ULILVVXUHV7KHVHWDOWHUPLQRORJ\DQGQRWDWLRQ RIGHUPDOJODQGVDQGO\ULILVVXUHVXVHGLQGHVFULSWLRQVRIRWKHU=HUFRQLGDHVSHFLHVGLVFXVVHGLQWKLV SDSHUKDYHEHHQFRQYHUWHGWRWKHDERYHPHQWLRQHGV\VWHPVLIQHFHVVDU\ 7D[RQRP\ Zercon hamaricusVSQRY )LJXUHV± Material examined +RORW\SHIHPDOHFROOHFWHGIURPPRGHUDWHO\KXPLGPRVVRQURFNVRQDVORSHQHDUWKHEDQNRI 0M¡VD/DNHLQDPL[HGIRUHVWVWDQGZLWKSLQH Pinussylvestris/ ELUFK Betulapendula5RWK URZDQ Sorbusaucuparia/ DQGDVK Fraxinusexcelsior/ LQWKHVXUURXQGLQJVRI'RPNLUNHRGGHQ 0XVHXPRI0HGLHYDO&XOWXUHDQG+LVWRU\LQ+DPDU1RUZD\ 1ƍƍƍ(ƍƍƍP DVO )LHOGFROOHFWHGSDUDW\SHV²IHPDOHVPDOHGHXWRQ\PSKVDQGSURWRQ\PSKV²FROOHFWLRQ GDWD DV IRU KRORW\SH 3DUDW\SHV IURP ODERUDWRU\ FXOWXUH² IHPDOHV PDOHV GHXWRQ\PSKV SURWRQ\PSKDQGODUYDH²FROOHFWHGIURPFXOWXUHIRXQGHGE\WKUHHIHPDOHVRQ3ODVWHURI3DULVDQG FKDUFRDOVXEVWUDWHIHGZLWKQHPDWRGHV 7KHKRORW\SH IHPDOH DQGSDUDW\SHV IHPDOHVPDOHVGHXWRQ\PSKVSURWRQ\PSKV ODUYDH RIZercon hamaricusVSQRYDUHGHSRVLWHGLQWKH'HSDUWPHQWRI(YROXWLRQDU\%LRORJ\ .D]LPLHU] :LHONL 8QLYHUVLW\ %\GJRV]F] 3RODQG 2WKHU SDUDW\SHV IHPDOHV PDOHV GHXWRQ\PSKVSURWRQ\PSKODUYDH DUHGHSRVLWHGLQWKHFROOHFWLRQRIWKH8QLYHUVLW\0XVHXPRI %HUJHQ 1RUZD\ .$&=0$5(. ET AL.$1(:63(&,(62)=(5&21)520125:$< Diagnosis(adult female) $QWHULRUPDUJLQRIYHQWULDQDOVKLHOGZLWKWZRSDLUVRIVHWDH Zv1SUHVHQW 3RUHVgv3ORFDWHG SRVWHULRUO\WROLQHFRQQHFWLQJSDUDDQDOVHWDHFORVHWROLQHFRQQHFWLQJVHWDHJv43RGRQRWDOVKLHOG ZLWKSDLUVRIVHWDHFRYHUHGHQWLUHO\ZLWKLUUHJXODUWLOHOLNHVFXOSWXUH6HWDHj1j2s3DQGr4±r5 DQGs6EDUEHG6HWDr3EDUEHGORFDWHGRQYHQWUDOVLGHRILGLRVRPD2SLVWKRQRWDOVKLHOGZLWKSDLUV RIVHWDH Z2SUHVHQW $OORSLVWKRQRWDOVHWDHZLWKRXWDSLFDOK\DOLQHHQGLQJV6HWDHJ1±J4DQGZ1±Z3 DQGS2VKRUWVPRRWKDQGSRLQWHG6HWDS3FOHDUO\ORQJHUWKDQS2VPRRWKDQGSRLQWHG6HWDHS2DQG S3 QHYHU UHDFK WKH LQVHUWLRQV RI QH[W VHWDH LQ VHULHV DQG QHYHU UHDFK EH\RQG WKH HGJH RI RSLVWKRQRWXP2WKHURSLVWKRQRWDOVHWDHORQJDQGEDUEHG6HWDJ5QHYHUUHDFKEH\RQGSRVWHULRUHGJH RIRSLVWKRQRWXPDQGDOPRVWUHDFKWKHSRVWHURGRUVDOFDYLWLHV3RUHVgdZ1 Po2 FORVHDQGSRVWHULRU WROLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHZ2DQGS3FORVHUWRLQVHUWLRQRIZ23RUHVgdZ3 Po3 RQWKH OLQHFRQQHFWLQJWKHLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHJ5DQGZ4FORVHUWRLQVHUWLRQRIZ43RUHVgdZ3DQGLQVHUWLRQV RIVHWDHJ5DQGZ4ORFDWHGGLVWLQFWO\DQWHULRUWRSRVWHURGRUVDOFDYLWLHV Description )HPDOH Q ,GLRVRPDOHQJWK±ZLGWK DWOHYHORIDQWHULRUHGJHRIYHQWULDQDOVKLHOG ± Dorsal idiosoma )LJXUHV± 3RGRQRWDOVKLHOGZLWKSDLUVRIVHWDH$OOSRGRQRWDOVHWDH ZLWKRXWK\DOLQHHQGLQJV/HQJWKVRISRGRQRWDOVHWDHRIIHPDOHVVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH6HWDj1 ORQJHVWLQjVHULHVRWKHUjVHULHVVHWDHRIFRPSDUDEOHOHQJWK6HWDHj1DQGj2ZLWKVXEDSLFDOEDUEV 6HWDHj3±j6VPRRWKDQGSRLQWHG$OOzVHULHVVHWDHRIFRPSDUDEOHOHQJWKVPRRWKDQGSRLQWHG6HWD s1VKRUWHVWRIWKHsVHULHV6HWDHs3DQGs6RIFRPSDUDEOHOHQJWKDQGORQJHVWRIsVHULHV6HWDs3ZLWK VXEDSLFDOEDUEVVHWDs6ZLWKRQHVXEDSLFDOEDUERWKHUsVHULHVVHWDHVPRRWKDQGSRLQWHG6HWDHr1 DQGr2VPRRWKDQGSRLQWHGVHWDHr4±r5ZLWKRQHVXEDSLFDOEDUE6HWDr1VKRUWHVWDQGr5ORQJHVWRI rVHULHV RQSRGRQRWDO VKLHOG3RGRQRWDOVKLHOG FRYHUHG HQWLUHO\ ZLWK LUUHJXODUWLOHOLNH VFXOSWXUH /RFDWLRQRISRGRQRWDOJODQGVgdj2 po1 SRVWHULRUWRLQVHUWLRQRIVHWDs1FORVHDQGDQWHULRUWROLQH FRQQHFWLQJVHWDHj3DQGz2gdj4 po2 FORVHDQGSRVWHULRUWROLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHj4 DQGz4gdz5 po3 FORVHDQGSRVWHULRUWROLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHz5DQGs4/RFDWLRQRI SRGRQRWDOSRURLGVidj1SRVWHULRUWRLQVHUWLRQRIVHWDj1ids4FORVHWRODWHUDOPDUJLQRISRGRQRWXP DWWKHOHYHORIVHWDr5idj3idj6DQGidz4QRWYLVLEOH2SLVWKRQRWDOVKLHOGZLWKSDLUVRIVHWDH$OO RSLVWKRQRWDOVHWDHZLWKRXWK\DOLQHHQGLQJV/HQJWKVRIRSLVWKRQRWDOVHWDHDQGORQJLWXGLQDOGLVWDQFHV EHWZHHQLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHLQVSHFLILFVHULHVRIIHPDOHVVXPPDUL]HGLQ7DEOH6HWDHJ1±J4VKRUW VPRRWK DQG SRLQWHG 6HWD J5 FOHDUO\ ORQJHU ZLWK VXEDSLFDO EDUEV 6HWD J5 QHYHU UHDFK EH\RQG SRVWHULRUHGJHRIRSLVWKRQRWXPDOPRVWUHDFKSRVWHURGRUVDOFDYLWLHV6HWDHZ1±Z3RIFRPSDUDEOH OHQJWKVKRUWVPRRWKDQGSRLQWHG6HWDHZ4DQGZ5FOHDUO\ORQJHUZLWKEDUEVORFDWHGDWDERXWRQH WKLUGRURQHIRXUWKIURPVHWDWHUPLQDWLRQ6HWDZ4FOHDUO\UHDFKEH\RQGODWHUDOHGJHRIRSLVWKRQRWXP DQGUHDFKWKHLQVHUWLRQRIZ56HWDZ5ORQJHU ±WLPHV WKDQZ4'LVWDQFHEHWZHHQVHWDHZ5± 6HWDS2VKRUWHVWRISVHULHV6HWDHS1DQGS4ZLWKRQHVXEDSLFDOEDUE6HWDHS2DQGS3VPRRWK DQGSRLQWHGS3FOHDUO\ORQJHU ±WLPHV WKDQS26HWDHS2DQGS3QHYHUUHDFKWKHLQVHUWLRQRI QH[WVHWDLQVHULHV6HWDS4FOHDUO\ORQJHU ±WLPHV WKDQS36HWDS5ZLWKVXEDSLFDOEDUEV ORQJHU ±WLPHV WKDQS46HWDHR1±R6RIVLPLODUOHQJWK ± SRLQWHGZLWKRQHVXEDSLFDO EDUE2SLVWKRQRWDOVKLHOGFRYHUHGZLWKWLOHOLNHVWUXFWXUHLQDQWHULRUFRUQHUVIURPWKHDQWHULRUHGJH WRZ1±Z2±S4OLQH7KHD[LDOSDUWRIRSLVWKRQRWDOVKLHOGZLWKLUUHJXODUKRUL]RQWDOOLQHVWRJ4±J4OLQH 6LPLODUOLQHVYLVLEOHDOVRLQWKHODWHUDOSDUWVRIRSLVWKRQRWDOVKLHOGWRJ4±Z4OLQH5HPDLQLQJSRVWHULRU VXUIDFHRIRSLVWKRQRWXPZLWKRXWVFXOSWXUHILQHO\GRWWHG3RVWHURGRUVDOFDYLWLHVFUHVFHQWOLNHZLWK XQGXODWLQJDQWHULRUPDUJLQV/RFDWLRQRIRSLVWKRQRWDOJODQGVgdz6 Po1 DQWHURODWHUDOWRZ1gdZ1 Po2 FORVHDQGSRVWHULRUWROLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHZ2DQGS3FORVHUWRLQVHUWLRQRIZ2 gdZ3 Po3 RQWKHOLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHJ5DQGZ4FORVHUWRLQVHUWLRQRIZ4gdZ4 Po4 6<67(0$7,& $33/,('$&$52/2*<92/ EHKLQG WKH LQVHUWLRQ RI VHWD S5 gdJ3QRW YLVLEOH/RFDWLRQ RIRSLVWKRQRWDOSRURLGV idz6RQOLQH FRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHJ1DQGZ1idJ1FORVHDQGDGD[LDOWROLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDH J1DQGJ2idJ2RQOLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHJ2DQGJ4idJ3SRVWHULRUWROLQHFRQQHFWLQJ LQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHJ4DQGZ3FORVHUWRZ3idJ4RQOLQHFRQQHFWLQJLQVHUWLRQVRIVHWDHJ5DQGZ4