CHAPTER 1: ECOSYSTEM MANAGEMENT Notable projects from the 2010-2011 reporting year are discussed in the Project Highlights section of this chapter. Note that this reporting year is 13 months (1 September 2010 through 30 September 2011), while previous reporting years were 12 months. In future, reporting years will return to 12 months (see the Executive summary for more information). Threat control efforts are summarized for each Management Unit (MU) or non-MU land division. Ungulate control, outreach program, and weed control data is presented with a minimum of discussion. For full explanations of project prioritization and field techniques, please refer to the 2007 Status Report for the MIP and OIP. In 2008-2009, Ecosystem Restoration Management Unit Plans (ERMUP) were written for eight MUs: Ekahanui, Helemano, Kaala, Kahanahaiki, Kaluakauila, Ohikilolo (Lower Makua), Ohikilolo (Upper), and Palikea,. In 2009-2010, six additional ERMUPs were written, for Kaena, Kahuku Training Area, Lower Ohikilolo, Makaha, Pahole, and Upper Kapuna. Please refer to the 2009 and 2010 Status Reports for the MIP and OIP for copies of these plans. The ERMUPs detail all relevant threat control in each MU over the next five years. The ERMUPs are working documents; OANRP has modified them slightly since last year, and can provide them on request. They will not be included in Status Reports until they are complete and need to be rewritten to include another five years. This year, three additional ERMUPs were written for the following MUs: Kaluaa and Waieli, Manuwai, and Koloa. These plans are included here, following the Weed Control Program highlights. 1.1 PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS 1.1.1 Ungulate Control Program Summary The OANRP was able to complete the Manuwai Subunit I/II MU fence and the Cyanea st.-johnii PU fences at Waimano and Halawa, the Waianae Kai [Neraudia angulata WAI-A] PU fence, and the Schidea kaalae PU fences at Kualoa in the 2011 reporting year. At this time, Koloa (750/4,434 m), Lihue (3,406/12,240 m), and Lower Opaeula (1110/1606 m) MU fences have been partially completed. All totaled, about 8,200 m of fence were built during the reporting year, enclosing about 362 acres (the partially completed units acreage are not reported here). Cultural resource 106 surveys have been completed for (OIP) Kaipapau, Kawailoa, Manana, South Kaukonahua I/II and North Kaukonahua fence lines. An MOU between the Army and DLNR has been signed but a real estate access agreement needs to be signed and an annual user fee provided prior to any other new fences being constructed on State lands (units listed in tables). There are also concerns about the long-term capability of fence monitoring and maintenance that need to be addressed. A programmatic Conservation District Use Permit (CDUP) was obtained during this reporting period that covers all of the conservation management actions that the Army wants to accomplish. 2011 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status ReporT 31 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management A three-year license agreement between the Army and Hawaii Reserves Inc. (Koloa), a four-year license agreement between the Army and the City and County of Honolulu Board of Water Supply (Kamaili and Makaha Subunit II) and a 20-year license agreement between the Army and Kamehameha Schools were signed during this reporting period. These agreements allow the Army to conduct conservation management on lands owned by the licensees. OANRP is proposing to finish the partially completed fences listed above and initiate and/or complete construction on at least three of the following fences; Kawailoa, Lihue, Makaha Subunit II, Kamaili, and Kahanahaiki Subunit II by end of the next reporting period. OANRP proposes to complete the 106 cultural surveys for fence lines at Huliwai, KawaiikiI/II, Lower Opaeula II, Lower Poamoho, Poamoho II, North Halawa during FY12. Ungulates were removed from Ekahanui. Piglets were able to breach the Kahanahaiki Subunit I fence but were unable to survive. Piglets are still able to breach the fences at Kapuna Upper, Pahole, and Kahanahaiki so the fences are being retrofitted with skirting. With the completion of the perimeter fence, hunting operations have been initiated at Manuwai. To date, two boars and two sows have been removed. A couple of small pigs were able to breach the fence at Kaluaa/Waieli II due to a tree fall but were subsequently snared. OIP/MIP Management Unit Status The MU status table below shows the current status of each proposed fence unit within each MU. Shading in the table indicates that ungulate management is needed for the MU and specific compliance documents are needed. The X‟s denote that compliance documents and authorizations are complete. Column 1 lists the MU name. Column 2 lists the different fence subunits within each MU. Column 3 shows whether it is ungulate free. Column 4 is a list of the acres protected versus the acres proposed. Column 5 is the year of completion or proposed construction. Column 6 indicates whether a CDUP is required for the unit and if it has been acquired. Column 7 lists whether cultural surveys for the 106 process have been completed and reviewed. Column 8 indicates whether a Memorandum of Understanding (MOU)/Right of Entry (ROE)/Rental Agreement (RA) are required for the unit and if they have been acquired. Column 9 indicates whether a License Agreement is required for the unit and if it has been acquired. Column 10 gives the number of Manage for Stability species for the MIP and OIP within each MU. Column 11 is the notes which give the highlights and status from each fence. Column 12 lists the current threats to each fence unit. 2011 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 32 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management Fence panels along rocky outcropping. 2011 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 33 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management MIP Management Unit Status Management Management Fence Ung. Acreage Est. CDUP 106 MOU/ License # MFS Notes Current Unit Unit Fence Free Prot/Prop Year ROE/ Agree. PUs Threats RA MIP OIP ARMY LEASED AND MANAGED LANDS Kahanahaiki Kahanahaiki I Yes Yes 64/64 1998 7 0 Complete. None Kahanahaiki II No No 0/30 2012 X 6 0 Proposed for construction in 2013 but may be promoted to 2012 if other Pig fences can‟t be built on time. Snaring is performed to reduce pig pressure. Kaluakauila Kaluakauila Yes Yes 104/104 2002 3 0 Complete. Fence is in need of some modification but still pig-free. None L. Ohikilolo L. Ohikilolo Yes Yes 70/70 2000 2 0 The Ohikilolo ridge fence and the strategic fence are both complete. Since Pig July 2006, 11 goats have been able to breach the fence. All have been removed and the fence was modified to prevent more ingress. No pigs have been observed. L.Opaeula L.Opaeula Partial No 0/26 2011 X X X 1 3 Fence is about ¾ complete. Pig Ohikilolo Ohikilolo Partial No 3/574 2002 10 0 Ohikilolo ridge fence is complete, excluding goat ingress from south. Six Pig 2013 smaller ungulate free PU fences are also complete. Goats were eliminated from Makua in 2002. A large rock fall that damaged the ridge fence has been repaired and no goats have been observed or caught in snares. A route has yet to be determined for the closure of the Ohikilolo MU to exclude pigs. Puu Kumakalii Puu Kumakalii No - - - - - - - 2 0 None needed but will be partially included within the proposed Lihue None fence. STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES E. Makaleha E. Makaleha No No 0/231 2014 X 7 3 Cultural 106 surveys completed. Awaiting signing of Army-State real Pig/Goat estate agreement. Limited goat control has been conducted in the past. Cattle Ekahanui Ekahanui I Yes Yes 44/44 2001 6 3 Complete. None Ekahanui II Yes Yes 165/159 2009 5 1 Complete and ungulate free. The completed fence is several acres larger None than the original proposed MU fence. Repairs were done to the river crossing after large storm. Haili to Kealia Haili to Kealia No - - - - - - - 1 0 As per DOFAW staff „no fence needed‟ None Kaena Kaena No - - - - - - - 1 0 None None Kaluaa/Waieli Kaluaa/Waieli I Yes Yes 110/99 1999 4 3 Completed by TNCH. There have been several breaches and a total of 15 None pigs have been removed. Skirting was installed around the existing fence to deter incursions. The completed fence is several acres larger than the original proposed MU fence. Kaluaa/Waieli II Yes Yes 25/17 2006 2 3 Completed by TNCH. The completed fence is several acres larger than the None original proposed MU fence. Kaluaa/Waieli III Yes Yes 43/11 2010 X 1 0 Completed and ungulate free. The completed fence is larger than the None original proposed MU fence. Repaired river crossing after large storm. 2011 Makua and Oahu Implementation Plan Status Report 34 Chapter 1 Ecosystem Management Management Management Fence Ung. Acreage Est. CDUP 106 MOU/ License # MFS Notes Current Unit Unit Fence Free Prot/Prop Year ROE/ Agree. PUs Threats RA MIP OIP Keaau Keaau No No 0/33 2014 X 1 0 Proposed fence for Gouania vitifolia and Hibiscus brackenridgei ssp. Pig/Goat/ mokuleianus. Supplemental EA to the MIP and Cultural 106 surveys are Cattle complete. Awaiting signing of Army-State real estate agreement. Keaau/Makaha Keaau/Makaha Yes Yes 1/3 2009 X 1 0 Complete and ungulate free. None Manuwai Manuwai I Yes No 166/166 2011 X 7 1 Complete. Ungulate removal is on-going, to date a total of 4 pigs have Pig/Goat been removed.