lf%J i Freedomways Reader Prophets in Country i edited by Esther Cooper Jackson K1NSSO ConStanCe PM> I Assistant Editor f^S^l ^ v^r II ^-^S A Member of the Perseus Books Group -\ ' Contents List of Photos xv Foreword, Julian Bond xvii Introduction, Esther Cooper Jackson xix Part I Origins of Freedomways J. H. O'Dell, 1 1 Behold the Land, No. 1, 1964, W.E.B. Du Bois 6 2 The Battleground Is Here, No. 1, 1971, Paul Robeson 12 3 Southern Youth's Proud Heritage, No. 1, 1964, Augusta Strong 16 4 Memoirs of a Birmingham Coal Miner, No. 1, 1964, Henry O. May field 21 5 "Not New Ground, but Rights Once Dearly Won," No. 1, 1962, Louis E. Burnham 26 6 Honoring Dr. Du Bois, No. 2, 1968, Martin Luther King Jr. 31 7 Ode to Paul Robeson, No. 1, 1976, Pablo Neruda 40 CONTENTS Part 2, Reports from the Front Lines: Segregation in the South /. H. O'Dell, 47 8 The United States and the Negro, No. 1, 1961, W.E.B. Du Bois 50 9 A Freedom Rider Speaks His Mind, No. 2, 1961, Jimmy McDonald 59 10 What Price Prejudice? On the Economics of Discrimination, No. 3, 1962, Whitney M. Young Jr. 65 11 The Southern Youth Movement, No. 3, 1962, Julian Bond 69 12 Nonviolence: An Interpretation, No. 2, 1963, Julian Bond 71 13 Lorraine Hansberry at the Summit, No. 4, 1979, James Baldwin 77 14 "We're Moving!" No. 1, 1971, Paul Robeson 82 15 Birmingham Shall Be Free Some Day, No. 1, 1964, Fred L. Shuttlesworth 84 16 Tremor in the Iceberg: The Mississippi Summer Project, No. 2, 1965, Eric Morton 87 17 The Freedom Schools: Concept and Organization, No. 2, 1965, Staughton Lynd 94 18 Life in Mississippi: An Interview with Fannie Lou Hamer, No. 2, 1965, /. H. O'Dell 97 19 The Politics of Necessity and Survival in Mississippi, No. 2, 1966, Lawrence Guyot and Mike Thelwell 100 CONTENTS Part 3 International Solidarity Esther Cooper Jackson, Constance Pohl, 108 20 The American Negro and the Darker World, No. 3, 1968, W.E.B. Du Bois 111 21 Address to the United Nations, No. 1, 1961, Osagyefo Dr. Kwame Nkrumah 119 22 What Happened in Ghana? The Inside Story, No. 3, 1966, Shirley Graham Du Bois 127 23 Kwame Nkrumah: African Liberator, No. 3, 1972, Shirley Graham Du Bois 132 24 Socialism Is Not Racialism, No. 2, 1970, Hon. Julius K. Nyerere 141 THE ANTIWAR MOVEMENT 25 Selected Speeches and Writings on Peace, No. 1, 1971, Paul Robeson 145 26 The Giant Stirs, No. 1, 1966, W.E.B. Du Bois 150 27 The Freedom Movement and the War in Vietnam, No. 4, 1965, Robert S. Browne 152 28 A Time to Break Silence, No. 2, 1967, Martin Luther King Jr. 167 29 Muhammad Ali: The Measure of a Man, No. 2, 1967, Editorial 176 30 The GI Movement vs. the War: A Symposium, No. 4, 1970, Ralph David Abernathy, Howard Levy, andj. H O'Dell 179 CONTENTS SOUTH AFRICA 31 Three African Freedom Movements, No. 1, 1962, Our Special Correspondent 183 32 The African-American Manifesto on Southern Africa, No. 4, 1976 191 33 South Africa and the USA, No. 4, 1976, Editorial 198 34 Northern Ireland Through Black Eyes, No. 1, 1982, Jean Carey Bond 200 Part 4 Moving North Esther Cooper Jackson, Constance Pohl, 205 35 Anti-Semitism and Black Power, No. 1, 1967, Ossie Davis 107 LABOR 36 Address to Labor: Who Built This Land? No. 1, 1971, PaulRobeson 210 37 Three Challenges to Organized Labor, No. 4, 1972, Jesse L. Jackson 217 EDUCATION 38 Education and Black Self-Image, No. 4, 1968, Alvin F. Poussaint 111 39 School Desegregation: Seeking New Victories Among the Ashes, No. 1, 1977, Derrick A. Bell 229 40 The Bakke Case and Affirmative Action: Some Implications for the Future, No. 1, 1978, Haywood Burns 233 CONTENTS WOMEN 41 Negro Women in Freedom's Battles, No. 4, 1967, Augusta Strong 137 42 Racism and Contemporary Literature on Rape, No. 1, 1976, Angela T. Davis 243 43 Biology and Gender: False Theories About Women and Blacks, No. 1, 1977, Dorothy Burnham 248 PRISON AND THE COURTS 44 Bangs and Whimpers: Black Youth and the Courts, No. 3, 1975, Bruce McM. Wright 253 45 Pages from the Life of a Black Prisoner, No. 4, 1971, Frank E. Chapman Jr. 259 46 The Death Penalty: Continuing Threat to America's Poor, No. 1, 1971, Lennox S. Hinds 262 Part 5 Pioneers of Black Studies Ernest Kaiser, 267 47 Conference of Encyclopedia Africana, No. 4, 1963, W.E.B. Du Bois 269 48 Negroes in the American Revolution, No. 2, 1961, Shirley Graham Du Bois 173 49 Black/Indian Origins of the Fight for Democracy, No. 2, 1984, William Loren Katz 281 50 A Review of The Crisis of the Negro Intellectual, No. 1, 1969, Ernest Kaiser 284 xii CONTENTS Part 6 Culture and the Cause of Black Freedom Ruby Dee, 289 51 The Negro Woman in American Literature, No. 1, 1966, Alice Childress, Paule Marshall, and Sarah E. Wright 291 POETRY 52 Paul Robeson, No. 1, 1971, Gwendolyn Brooks 299 53 Prologue, No. 1, 1972, Audre Lorde 300 54 Rites of Passage, No. 3, 1970, Audre Lorde 304 55 The Lion in Daniel's Den, No. 1, 1971, Nikki Giovanni 306 56 For Beautiful Mary Brown: Chicago Rent Strike Leader, No. 1,1971, June Jordan 308 57 Rock Eagle, No. 4, 1971, Alice Walker , 310 58 Facing the Way, No. 4, 1975, Alice Walker 313 59 The Abduction of Saints, No. 4, 1975, Alice Walker 315 60 My Early Days in Harlem, No. 3, 1963, Langston Hughes 317 61 Langston Hughes: He Spoke of Rivers, No. 2, 1968, Arna Bontemps 321 62 An Old Woman Remembers, No. 3, 1963, Sterling A. Brown 324 63 A Letter from Brooklyn, No. 3, 1964, Derek Walcott 326 CONTENTS 64 Poems of Agostinho Neto, No. 1, 1976, translated by Marga Holness 328 65 Eventide, Kumasi, No. 2, 1970, Keith E. Baird 330 FICTION AND DRAMA 66 We Are of the Same Sidewalks, No. 3, 1980, Lorraine Hansberry 331 67 Lorraine Hansberry: On Time! No. 4, 1979, John Oliver Kittens 335 68 The Once and Future Vision of Lorraine Hansberry, No. 4, 1979, Alex Haley 340 69 At the Emmy Time! No. 1, 1980, Ruby Dee 345 70 The Welcome Table: A Short Story, No. 3, 1970, Alice Walker 349 71 The First Day (A Fable After Brown): A Short Story, No. 4, 1974, Alice Walker 354 72 A Review of God's Bits of Wood by Ousmane Sembene, No. 2, 1978, Loyle Hairston 357 MUSIC 73 Jazz, No. 2, 1962, Max Roach 360 74 Black Women Singers-Artists, No. 1, 1966, Abbey Lincoln 364 75 Will Jazz Survive? Thoughts on the State of the Great American Art, No. 4, 1983, Playthett Benjamin 368 76 Martin Luther King: A Personal Tribute, No. 1, 1972, Harry Belafonte 378 Afterword, David Levering Lewis 380.