D DD DDD DDDDon.com DDDD Basic Photography in 180 Days Book III - Color Editor: Ramon F. aeroramon.com Contents 1 Day 1 1 1.1 Theory of Colours ........................................... 1 1.1.1 Historical background .................................... 1 1.1.2 Goethe’s theory ........................................ 2 1.1.3 Goethe’s colour wheel .................................... 6 1.1.4 Newton and Goethe ..................................... 9 1.1.5 History and influence ..................................... 10 1.1.6 Quotations .......................................... 13 1.1.7 See also ............................................ 13 1.1.8 Notes and references ..................................... 13 1.1.9 Bibliography ......................................... 16 1.1.10 External links ......................................... 16 2 Day 2 18 2.1 Color ................................................. 18 2.1.1 Physics of color ....................................... 20 2.1.2 Perception .......................................... 22 2.1.3 Associations ......................................... 26 2.1.4 Spectral colors and color reproduction ............................ 26 2.1.5 Additive coloring ....................................... 28 2.1.6 Subtractive coloring ..................................... 28 2.1.7 Structural color ........................................ 29 2.1.8 Mentions of color in social media .............................. 30 2.1.9 Additional terms ....................................... 30 2.1.10 See also ............................................ 30 2.1.11 References .......................................... 31 2.1.12 External links and sources .................................. 31 3 Day 3 32 3.1 Color wheel .............................................. 32 3.1.1 Colors of the color wheel ................................... 33 3.1.2 The color circle and color vision ............................... 33 3.1.3 Color wheels and paint color mixing ............................. 34 i ii CONTENTS 3.1.4 Color wheel software ..................................... 34 3.1.5 HSV color wheel ....................................... 34 3.1.6 Color schemes ........................................ 34 3.1.7 Gallery ............................................ 35 3.1.8 See also ............................................ 35 3.1.9 References .......................................... 35 3.1.10 External links ......................................... 36 4 Day 4 41 4.1 Spectral color ............................................. 41 4.1.1 In color spaces ........................................ 41 4.1.2 Table of spectral or near-spectral colors ........................... 41 4.1.3 Non-spectral colors ...................................... 42 4.1.4 See also ............................................ 43 4.1.5 References .......................................... 43 4.1.6 External links ......................................... 44 4.2 Color space .............................................. 44 4.2.1 Examples ........................................... 44 4.2.2 Conversion .......................................... 45 4.2.3 RGB density ......................................... 45 4.2.4 Lists .............................................. 46 4.2.5 Absolute color space ..................................... 50 4.2.6 See also ............................................ 50 4.2.7 References .......................................... 51 4.2.8 External links ......................................... 51 4.3 ColorChecker ............................................. 51 4.3.1 Design ............................................ 52 4.3.2 Colors ............................................ 52 4.3.3 Use .............................................. 52 4.3.4 ColorChecker Digital SG ................................... 53 4.3.5 See also ............................................ 53 4.3.6 References .......................................... 53 4.3.7 External links ......................................... 53 5 Day 5 55 5.1 Primary color ............................................. 55 5.1.1 Biological basis ........................................ 56 5.1.2 History ............................................ 57 5.1.3 Examples ........................................... 57 5.1.4 See also ............................................ 60 5.1.5 References .......................................... 60 5.2 Tertiary color ............................................. 61 CONTENTS iii 5.2.1 RGB or CMY primary, secondary, and tertiary colors .................... 61 5.2.2 Traditional painting (RYB) .................................. 61 5.2.3 Comparison of RGB and RYB color wheels ......................... 62 5.2.4 See also ............................................ 62 5.2.5 References .......................................... 62 5.3 Additive color ............................................. 66 5.3.1 History ............................................ 68 5.3.2 Examples ........................................... 68 5.3.3 See also ............................................ 69 5.3.4 References .......................................... 69 5.3.5 External links ......................................... 70 5.4 Subtractive color ............................................ 71 5.4.1 RYB ............................................. 71 5.4.2 CMY and CMYK printing processes ............................. 72 5.4.3 See also ............................................ 73 5.4.4 References .......................................... 74 5.4.5 External links ......................................... 74 5.5 Color mixing ............................................. 75 5.5.1 Additive Mixing ........................................ 75 5.5.2 Subtractive Mixing ...................................... 76 5.5.3 See also ............................................ 77 5.5.4 External links ......................................... 77 5.5.5 References .......................................... 78 6 Day 6 79 6.1 Color calibration ............................................ 79 6.1.1 Information flow and output distortion ............................ 79 6.1.2 Color perception ....................................... 80 6.1.3 Calibration techniques and procedures ............................ 80 6.1.4 See also ............................................ 82 6.1.5 References .......................................... 83 6.1.6 External links ......................................... 83 6.2 International Color Consortium .................................... 83 6.2.1 ICC profile specification version ............................... 83 6.2.2 Membership .......................................... 83 6.2.3 See also ............................................ 83 6.2.4 References .......................................... 84 6.2.5 External links ......................................... 84 6.3 International Colour Association ................................... 84 6.3.1 History ............................................ 84 6.3.2 Congresses .......................................... 85 6.3.3 Members and Executive Committee ............................. 85 iv CONTENTS 6.3.4 Deane B. Judd Award .................................... 85 6.3.5 References .......................................... 86 6.3.6 External links ......................................... 86 7 Day 7 87 7.1 Lab color space ............................................ 87 7.1.1 Advantages .......................................... 88 7.1.2 Differentiation ......................................... 88 7.1.3 CIELAB ........................................... 88 7.1.4 CIELAB-CIEXYZ conversions ................................ 89 7.1.5 Hunter Lab .......................................... 90 7.1.6 Cylindrical representation: CIELCh or CIEHLC ....................... 92 7.1.7 See also ............................................ 92 7.1.8 References .......................................... 92 7.1.9 External links ......................................... 93 7.2 sRGB ................................................. 98 7.2.1 Background .......................................... 99 7.2.2 The sRGB gamut ....................................... 99 7.2.3 The sRGB transfer (gamma) function ............................ 99 7.2.4 Specification of the transformation .............................. 99 7.2.5 Theory of the transformation ................................. 101 7.2.6 Viewing environment ..................................... 102 7.2.7 Usage ............................................. 102 7.2.8 See also ............................................ 102 7.2.9 References .......................................... 102 7.2.10 External links ......................................... 104 7.3 HSL and HSV ............................................. 104 7.3.1 Basic principle ........................................ 105 7.3.2 Motivation .......................................... 106 7.3.3 Formal derivation ....................................... 107 7.3.4 Use in end-user software ................................... 111 7.3.5 Use in image analysis ..................................... 111 7.3.6 Disadvantages ......................................... 112 7.3.7 Other cylindrical-coordinate color models .......................... 113 7.3.8 Converting to RGB ...................................... 114 7.3.9 Swatches ........................................... 117 7.3.10 Notes and references ..................................... 117 7.3.11 Bibliography