On Using Enterprise Modelling Methods for Building Enterprise Architecture Danial Araghi Ladan Sahebi MASTER THESIS 2013 INFORMATICS On Using Enterprise Modelling Methods for Building Enterprise Architecture Danial Araghi Ladan Sahebi Detta examensarbete är utfört vid Tekniska Högskolan i Jönköping inom ämnesområdet informatik. Arbetet är ett led i masterutbildningen med inriktning informationsteknik och management. Författarna svarar själva för framförda åsikter, slutsatser och resultat. Handledare: Julia Kaidalova Examinator: Vladimir Tarasov Omfattning: 30 hp (D-nivå) Datum: September 16, 2013 Postadress: Besöksadress: T el ef on: Box 1026 Gj uteri gatan 5 036-10 10 00 (vx) 551 11 Jönköping Abstract Abstract The most important characteristic of enterprise architecture (EA) is that, it provides a holistic view of the enterprise. EA needs to consider about different aspects, views and viewpoints in an enterprise in order to make an enterprise more understandable and communicable to achieve organization goals and objectives. To do this matter EA needs to use different techniques or enterprise modeling methods to achieve different results of EA (documents/artifacts, models, goals/benefits). But many organization for building EA, use their own description techniques and conventions instead of using existing techniques or existing EMMs. They might use one technique which is not appropriate for modeling all aspects of EA. Our purpose is to discover the usefulness of EMMs in the process of construction EA to provide expected results of EA. We investigated about different EMMs to see its usefulness in producing which expected EA result. In order to increase the accuracy of the final results we investigated about different EMMs with respect to important EA aspects. To perform this study we have gone through a survey to validate EA important aspects and essential results of EA. Results of our study conducted based on both using literature review for studying about the usefulness of different EMMs and the results of our survey (EA aspects and results of EA). The results of this research show that Business, Organization, Technical, Information and Decision Making are five important aspects of EA; different EMMs can be used to produce several results of EA. We used table to illustrate the results of the study for each EA aspect separately. Our analysis revealed that the Decision Making and Information aspects of EA could get more help from EMMs compare to the other aspects, since the main focus of some of these methods such as GERAM, GRAI and GIM are mainly accumulated in these two aspects. i Acknowledgements Acknowledgements We would like to thank our supervisor Julia Kaidalova and coordinator Vladimir Tarasov whose advices, support and their facilitator role from the very beginning to final phase contributed us to develop this thesis. We would like to gratefully and sincerely thank our families and friends who have been always our strong backup. Danial Araghi, Ladan Sahebi ii Key words Key words Enterprise Modelling Methods – Enterprise Modelling - Enterprise Architecture Frameworks- Enterprise Architecture results - Business and IT alignment iii Contents Contents 1 Introduction ............................................................................... 9 1.1 BACKGROUND ............................................................................................................................. 9 1.2 PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES .............................................................................................................. 10 1.3 RESEARCH QUESTION ............................................................................................................... 11 1.4 LIMITATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 11 1.5 THESIS OUTLINE........................................................................................................................ 12 2 Theoretical Background ........................................................... 13 2.1 ENTERPRISE MODELLING ......................................................................................................... 13 2.1.1 IDEF0 ............................................................................................................................. 14 2.1.2 IDEF2 ............................................................................................................................. 15 2.1.3 CIMOSA ......................................................................................................................... 16 2.1.4 GERAM .......................................................................................................................... 19 2.1.5 GRAI .............................................................................................................................. 21 2.1.6 UML ............................................................................................................................... 22 2.1.7 GIM ................................................................................................................................. 24 2.2 ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE ..................................................................................................... 27 2.2.1 ZACHMAN Framework ................................................................................................... 28 2.2.2 TOGAF ........................................................................................................................... 31 2.2.3 FEAF .............................................................................................................................. 33 2.2.4 Gartner ............................................................................................................................. 35 2.3 COMPARISON OF EA FRAMEWORKS .......................................................................................... 37 2.3.1 Variances between different EA Frameworks ............................................................................ 38 2.4 ENTERPRISE ARCHITECTURE RESULTS...................................................................................... 41 2.4.1 EA Artifacts ..................................................................................................................... 43 2.4.2 Benefits of EA .................................................................................................................... 44 2.4.3 Enterprise Architecture Goals ................................................................................................ 46 2.4.4 Preliminary EA aspects ........................................................................................................ 48 2.4.5 Preliminary classification of results of EA ................................................................................. 73 3 Methods ................................................................................... 51 3.1 RESEARCH METHODS................................................................................................................. 51 3.1.1 Research design .................................................................................................................... 52 3.2 DATA COLLECTION TECHNIQUES ............................................................................................. 53 3.2.1 Literature Review ................................................................................................................ 53 3.2.2 Survey ............................................................................................................................... 53 3.2.3 Formulation of questions ....................................................................................................... 54 3.2.4 Validation of preliminary findings ........................................................................................... 56 3.3 FINDING POPULATION .............................................................................................................. 57 3.4 EVALUATION METHODS ........................................................................................................... 58 4 Results and Analysis ................................................................. 59 4.1 RESULTS .................................................................................................................................... 59 4.2 SURVEY ANALYSIS ..................................................................................................................... 61 4.2.1 Existence/Awareness of EA and consumption of different EA frameworks .................................... 61 4.2.2 Expected outcomes of building EA for organization .................................................................... 65 4.2.3 Achieved outcomes of building EA .......................................................................................... 68 4.3 EA IMPORTANT ASPECTS AND RESULTS OF EA .......................................................................... 74 4.4 USEFULNESS OF EMM ............................................................................................................... 76 5 Conclusion and discussion ....................................................... 82 iv Contents 5.1 DISCUSSION............................................................................................................................... 82 5.2 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE STUDY ...........................................................................................