A Study On The Effects Of Ground Via Fences, Embedded Patterned Layer, And Metal Surface Roughness On Conductor Backed Coplanar Waveguide Item Type text; Electronic Dissertation Authors Sain, Arghya Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 05/10/2021 15:19:06 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/593602 A STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF GROUND VIA FENCES, EMBEDDED PATTERNED LAYER, AND METAL SURFACE ROUGHNESS ON CONDUCTOR BACKED COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE By Arghya Sain Copyright © Arghya Sain 2015 A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND COMPUTER ENGINEERING In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Graduate College The University of ARIZONA 2015 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE As members of the Dissertation Committee, we certify that we have read the dissertation prepared by Arghya Sain, titled A Study on the Effects of Ground Via Fences, Embedded Patterned Layer, and Metal Surface Roughness on Conductor Backed Coplanar Waveguide and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Date: 10/19/2015 Kathleen L. Melde, Ph.D. Date: 10/19/2015 Hao Xin, Ph.D. Date: 10/19/2015 Janet M. Roveda, Ph.D. Final approval and acceptance of this dissertation is contingent upon the candidate’s submission of the final copies of the dissertation to the graduate college. I hereby certify that I have read this dissertation prepared under my direction and recommend that it be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement. Date: 10/19/2015 Dissertation Director: Kathleen L. Melde, Ph.D. 2 STATEMENT BY AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements for an advanced degree at the University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that an accurate acknowledgement of the source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the copyright holder. SIGNED: Arghya Sain 3 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Althea Gibson said, “No matter what accomplishments you make, somebody helped you”. True to her saying, this dissertation would not have been accomplished without the guidance, help and support of several people. So, I would like to take this opportunity to express my deep gratitude to those individuals, who have not only helped me with this work but also have allowed me to grow and learn throughout this journey. First of all, I would like to thank Dr. Kathleen L. Melde for giving me the opportunity to work on this project, for being patient, open and honest with me, and for allowing me to work from home when needed. I really appreciate your guidance and the fact that you encouraged me to publish papers and to sit for my written and oral comprehensive exams. I feel both honored and lucky to have had you as my research advisor. I would like to express my gratitude to Dr. Hao Xin and Dr. Janet M. Roveda for being on my dissertation defense committee and for providing feedback on the dissertation. I would like to thank Dr. Janet M. Roveda, Dr. Hal S. Tharp, Dr. Hao Xin, and Dr. Harold Parks for being on my written and/or oral comprehensive exams. I would also like to thank Tami Whelan for helping me to understand and meet the degree requirements and for providing me with important documentations on short notice. In addition, I greatly appreciate Leo Enfield (and his team) for troubleshooting any computer problems in a timely manner. I have many fond memories of my time spent in Tucson because of my friends who also worked at the High Frequency Packaging and Antenna Design Lab. Thank you Chase, Ho-Shin, Ian, Marcos, Nobuki, Prabhat, Sean, and Sung not only for all the discussions and help with my research work but also for all the laughs and the good times. You guys really made this entire journey enjoyable. I am grateful to both Jennifer and Min for trusting me and giving me the opportunity to work in their group at Intel Corporation as an intern. Both of you, along with Alaa, Emily, Mo, Jason, Jongbae, Matthew, and Ray have helped me gain not only valuable industry experience but also made the internship fun and interesting. This journey would not have been possible without my mom Kaberi and dad Swapan. Thank you for your unconditional love, constant support and for always providing for me without asking for anything in return. No amount of words can sum up the sacrifices the two of you have made for my education and happiness. Finally, I must thank my lovely girlfriend Leah for all her love, patience and encouragement. Thank you for being supportive of my work and for being by my side through thick and thin. I really appreciate you for being a constant source of joy and motivation throughout this journey. Your love means a lot to me. 4 CONTENTS LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………………………………… 8 LIST OF TABLES…………………………………………………………………………. 14 ABSTRACT………………………………………………………………………………… 16 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION……………………………………………………... 18 1.1 Signal in frequency and time domain……………………... 20 1.2 Transmission lines…………………………………………. 23 A. Stripline……………………………………………… 24 B. Microstrip……………………………………………. 26 C. Coplanar waveguide…………………………………. 27 D. Coupled transmission lines………………………….. 28 1.3 Embedded patterned layer (EPL)………………………….. 29 1.4 Simulation tools…………………………………………… 31 A. ANSYS High Frequency Structure Simulator (HFSSTM)……………………………………………. 32 B. ANSYS Q3D Extractor (Q3D)……………………… 33 C. ANSYS Q2D (Q2D)………………………………… 33 D. Agilent Advanced Design System (ADS)…………… 35 E. MathWorks® MATLAB® (MATLAB®)…………... 36 1.5 Thesis goals……………………........................................... 37 1.6 Thesis outline……………………………………………… 38 CHAPTER 2: GROUNDED COPLANAR WAVEGUIDES (GCPWs) VIA FENCE ANALYSIS…………………………………………………... 40 2.1 Introduction………………………………………………... 40 2.2 Traditional via picket fence theory………………………... 45 A. Case 1………………………………………………... 47 B. Case 2 (Shorting plates along all three edges of both coplanar side grounds)……………………………… 48 2.3 Comparison between simulation and measurement……….. 50 2.4 Impact of via fence location and dimension on GCPW performance……………………………………………….. 52 A. Varying distance between via fence and signal trace (VL)………………………………………………….. 53 B. Varying the via to via pitch in a via fence (VP)……... 55 C. Varying separation between ends of GCPW and start of via fence edge (ES)……………………………….. 56 2.5 Alternate grounding structures for improving GCPW performance……………………………………………….. 61 A. Increasing the number of ground via fences connecting the coplanar side grounds to the lower ground plane…………………………………………. 61 5 B. Coplanar side grounds with periodic cutouts………... 65 2.6 Summary…………………………………………………... 66 CHAPTER 3: GROUNDED COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE WITH EMBEDDED PATTERNED LAYER (EPL)…………………………………… 67 3.1 Introduction………………………………………………... 67 3.2 Lumped element model for transmission lines……………. 71 A. Resistance (R)……………………………………….. 74 B. Inductance (L)……………………………………….. 76 C. Capacitance (C) and Conductance (G)………………. 78 3.3 Lumped element model for transmission line including floating metal effects………………………………………. 81 A. Self-resistance (RSFM) of a floating metal…………… 91 B. Self-inductance (LSFM) of a floating metal…………... 92 C. Mutual inductance (MFMST) between a floating metal and a signal trace…………………………………….. 94 3.4 Parametric study of EPL with GCPW……………………... 98 A. Varying EPL thickness (TEPL)……………………….. 99 B. Varying separation between signal trace and EPL (HEPL)………………………………………………... 103 C. Varying EPL pitch along x (PXEPL) and y (PYEPL) axis…………………………………………………... 105 D. Varying EPL metal conductivity…………………….. 108 E. Varying EPL individual element geometry…………. 110 F. Varying the number and location of EPL columns….. 112 3.5 Comparison of the effect of EPL on different types of transmission lines………………………………………….. 115 3.6 Summary…………………………………………………... 117 CHAPTER 4: EMBEDDED PATTERNED LAYER (EPL) IN A THREE CONDUCTOR GROUNDED COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE SYSTEM……………………………………………............................. 120 4.1 Introduction………………………………………………... 120 A. Quiet mode…………………………………………... 123 B. Even mode…………………………………………… 123 C. Odd mode……………………………………………. 124 4.2 Impact of EPL on coupled grounded coplanar waveguides.. 126 4.3 Summary…………………………………………………... 134 CHAPTER 5: BROADBAND CHARACTERIZATION OF COPLANAR WAVEGUIDE INTERCONNECTS WITH ROUGH CONDUCTOR SURFACES…………………………………………………………… 136 5.1 Introduction………………………………………………... 136 5.2 Properties of random rough surfaces……………………… 143 5.3 Generating a random rough surface……………………….. 147 5.4 Reducing computational complexity……………………… 150 6 5.5 Results and comparison…………………………………… 152 5.6 Computational requirements and model generation………. 162 5.7 Summary…………………………………………………... 164 CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK……………………………... 165 APPENDIX I DERIVATION OF RESONANT FREQUENCY EQUATION OF RECTANGULAR CAVITIES WITH DIFFERENT BOUNDARY CONDITIONS………………………………………………………… 168 APPENDIX II REFLECTION COEFFICIENT AT DIELECTRIC AND PEC OR PMC INTERFACE……………………………………………….. 176 APPENDIX III PLOTS OF SCATTERING