International Journal for Information Security Research (IJISR), Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2018 Some Methodological and Theoretical Questions of Infosphere Development Maxim Polyakov1, Igor Khanin2, Nikolay Bormatenko3 1NoosphereVentures Inc., USA 2The National University of Water Management and Nature Resources Use, Ukraine 3MS-Ukraine Noosphere Ventures Inc. Abstract Information technologies” today is an application physical and non-physical (informational) spheres of of physical technologies to the information practices. innovations to the common scheme of development. Technologies of information have not started yet. To understand the infosphere development, we offer the model of Paradigmatic Innovation Development Levels of developed on the base of quasi-physical approach to innovations non-physical phenomena. Science-based innovations tic a m n ig io d t a va 1. Introduction ar o P n in It is appropriately to apply term “technology” to Empirical&heuristic innovations objective, scientifically substantiated approaches to Physical phenomena s g producing. Then, information technologies (IT) which ie n si log s o ce evoked revolutionary changes in the sphere of hn ro c p Te a Empirical&heuristic at d axis time The Informational f informational phenomena (infosphere) including innovations o phenomena society, economy and business, in reality, come to the application of physical (not informational) Current time technologies of data processing to the informational Subject areas practices (not technologies). Figure 1. The phases of innovation development [3] Of course, all terms are more or less conventional. But their conventionality should be explicit. We don’t According to Figure 1, innovations in any sphere have that in the case of IT. It gives opportunities to start from guesswork, associations and analogies, not use imperfect technologies and digitized practices borne out by scientific knowledge. This first phase is stating that IT has reached the peak of its development called by us empirically-heuristical phase (EHP). [1]. In reality IT, probably, didn’t even start. This When the sufficient experience is gained, the contradiction coupled with unsolved practical possibility and necessity to multiply and speed up the problems of infosphere requires the strengthening of innovations appear in the way of building and usage its methodological and theoretical base. of scientific theories. Transition to the phase of scientifically 2. Model of Paradigm Innovation substantiated innovations is going through the phase of trial theories – paradigms. This word gives the Development name to the model. Following the Figure, the information To understand where the infospere development is technologies, in fact, are technologies of data now and where it is going, let us use the model of processing, which have appeared in the sphere of Paradigm Innovation Development (PIDev). It is physical phenomena belonging to the phase of developed on the base of quasi-physical approach to scientifically substantiated innovations, and found non-physical phenomena the idea of which was their application in another sphere. This is the sphere suggested by Merab Mamardashvili [2]. Main of information phenomena which is in the features of the model are represented in Figure 1. In empirically-heuristical phase of its development. Figure 1, x-axis represents the time of development, Empirically-heuristical phase is characterized by y-axis represents the scientific level of innovations, the deficit of scientific knowledge standing behind the and z-axis represents the sphere of innovation essence of information phenomena, adaptation of a development. Quasi-physical approach to non- human to information technologies and depletion of physical phenomena, at this case, lies in reduction of explicit opportunities of adaptation of technologies to Copyright © 2018, Infonomics Society 785 International Journal for Information Security Research (IJISR), Volume 8, Issue 1, March 2018 a human, usage of guesses (heuristics) and analogies Boundaries between phases are usually unclear; (empiricism), devotion to non-direct methods of therefore it is hardly reasonable for each phase to have cognition (mathematical, statistical and other own terminology. We should just keep in mind that modeling); interdisciplinary approach which the terms, while transferring from phase to phase, transforms into eclectic mix of different forms of change their meaning. This is normal. Their meaning cognition (practical, scientific, philosophical, should be derived from context or specifically spiritual), and usage of the concepts similar to golems, stipulated. homunculus, eternal engines, and artificial intellect as During phase transitions the problem is a radical remedy for problems. aggravated and such cases need to be discussed. Let EHP is necessary for the accumulation of empirical us consider the word “system”. It is obvious that these material and ideas which allow understanding and words mean a large and complex physical body, controlling the ontology of programs, data, and consisting of the other physical bodies. It is critical organizations. Under the quasi-physical approach, the that transformation of a multitude of physical bodies ontology answers the question how these objects are into a system does not change their ontology. It is built and built-in into the world. EHP will end up for clear that in this case the term “system” has quite the infospere when real information technologies abstract logical-mathematical nature and by the replace empirically-heuristical approaches of the meaning it is close to the term “structure”. application of data processing physical technologies A diametrically opposite example is an to “digitize” existing information practices. information system. It consists of heterogeneous At the current moment, there is more than enough elements (computers, data, programs, people, of empirical material for transition of the infosphere organizations, etc.). What is the result of combining to paradigmatic phase of development, and to the next these articles? Is it a complex body of physical, phase of highly productive scientifically substantiated biological, economic, social or other nature? The innovations. The specifics of paradigmatic phase are epithet “informational” does not answer this question, widening and deepening of the ontological picture of because the concept of information is still reality in the way of inclusion of signs as the condition controversial. This question can be answered using of adaptation of technologies to a human and society the principle of emergency. According to this (in contrast to the adaptation of a human to principle, combining heterogeneous elements results technologies), accent on the ontology (essence) of in formation of a unique nature that is called a system. information (more precisely, sign) objects as a key Thus, in this case the term “system” is applied to the factor of the infosphere development, usage of objects, which, due to their uniqueness, have positive and negative experience, collected in the principally non-determinable nature. empirically-heuristical phase as an experimental base Thereby it is not only information systems, but and ideas source, formation and application of the also programs, databases and organizations, methodology of Vertical Integration of Knowledge consisting of heterogeneous elements, which also (VIK) which methods are different from the methods have no their own ontology. These objects are peculiar usual for empirically-heuristical and scientifically to empiric-heuristic phase of development and we substantiated phases. really need to give them some names. Therefore, the Model PIDev can be viewed as a result of the term “system”, derived from natural sciences, being application of cyclical approach of Nikolay in the scientific phase of development, has Kondratyev, Joseph Schumpeter and fundamentally changed its meaning. Thus, the neoschumpeterians (Chris Freeman, Carlota Perez) to collocation “information system” is equal to longer time periods than Kondratyev’s ones. It impossibility of the scientific study of an object, appeared as a participants’ reflection of the real producing the phenomena under study, by the way of innovation process which consisted in the identifying its essence (ontology). It looks development of the forms and structures of human- paradoxical, but such state of things is natural for machine data. empirical-heuristic phase. The paradox can be solved through 3. Some specifics of terminology implementation of the suggested approach. For this purpose we need software, informational and Bellow you will find a conceptual scheme (model), organizational systems to become the impersonation reflecting our ideas of the way, how the work should of the concept “sign construction”. be done in the paradigm phase. We should take into A similar metamorphosis occurred with the world account that there are significant differences between “model”. In the field of natural sciences the model is the phases, despite their commonality. Each phase a simplified physical or symbolic analogy of a well- forms its own innovative systems, including relations known and similarly understood object. However, in of practice with an academic science, whether it is the area of information phenomena it is more or less natural or humanitarian. In such environment the formalized hypothetical description of a unique and, same terms change their meaning up to homonymy. therefore, poorly understood