Improving the agronomic quality of a residual red gypsum landfill through phytomanagement. José Zapata Carbonell To cite this version: José Zapata Carbonell. Improving the agronomic quality of a residual red gypsum landfill through phytomanagement.. Agricultural sciences. Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. English. NNT : 2020UBFCD023. tel-03220644 HAL Id: tel-03220644 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03220644 Submitted on 7 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. CHRONO ""'11.._..._ ENVIRONNEMENT ÊCOlE DOCTORALE Environnement, - Santé �&OVRGOGNE,�:,�fl\ANCHE-COMTE � � 'l'•IF ..0-..e Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté École Doctorale Environnement Santé Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement -- UMR 6249 CNRS THÈSE Présentée en vue de l'obtention du titre de Docteur de l'Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté Spécialité<< Sciences Agronomiques>> Améliorer la qualité agronomique d’un dépôt de gypse rouge résiduel par phytomanagement Présentée et soutenue par José Gonzalo ZAPATA CARBONELL Le 15 mai 2020 à Besançon Membres du jury: Engracia Maria MADEJÔN RODRÎGUEZ (Directrice de recherche, IR AS. CSIC) Rapponeuse Michel MENCII (Directeur de recherche, INRAE, U-Bordeaux) Rapponeuret président du jury Olivier FAURE (Maitre de conférences. PEG. EMSE) Examinateur Nadia CRINI (Ingénieur de recherche. LCE. UBFC) Examinatrice Michel CHA LO T (Professeur, LCE. UBFC) Directeur Fabienne TATIN-FROUX (Maitre de conférences. LCE, UBFC) Co-directrice Julien PARELLE (Maître de conférences, LCE. UBFC) Invité CHRONO ""'11.._..._ ENVIRONNEMENT ÊCOlE DOCTORALE Environnement, - Santé �&OVRGOGNE,�:,�fl\ANCHE-COMTE � � 'l'•IF ..0-..e Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté École Doctorale Environnement Santé Laboratoire Chrono-Environnement -- UMR 6249 CNRS THÈSE Présentée en vue de l'obtention du titre de Docteur de l'Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté Spécialité<< Sciences Agronomiques>> lmproving the agronomie quality of a residual red gypsum landflll through phytomanagement Présentée et soutenue par José Gonzalo ZAPATA CARBONELL Le 15 mai 2020 à Besançon Membres du jury: Engracia Maria MADEJÔN RODRÎGUEZ (Directrice de recherche, IR AS. CSIC) Rapponeuse Michel MENCII (Directeur de recherche, INRAE, U-Bordeaux) Rapponeuret président du jury Olivier FAURE (Maitre de conférences. PEG. EMSE) Examinateur Nadia CRINI (Ingénieur de recherche. LCE. UBFC) Examinatrice Michel CHA LO T (Professeur, LCE. UBFC) Directeur Fabienne TATIN-FROUX (Maitre de conférences. LCE, UBFC) Co-directrice Julien PARELLE (Maître de conférences, LCE. UBFC) Invité 2 Index CHAPTER 1 GENERAL INTRODUCTION ..................................................................... 16 1.1 DEFINITIONS AND CONCEPTS ...................................................................................... 18 1.1.1 The extractive industry and the production of hazardous material ................... 18 1.1.2 The residues of the extractive industry and risks ............................................... 20 1.1.3 The potentially toxic elements (PTEs) ................................................................ 24 1.1.4 The soil pollution situation in France ................................................................ 27 1.2 PHD CONTEXT, JUSTIFICATION AND FUNDING ............................................................. 29 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................. 30 2.1 THE TI INDUSTRY ....................................................................................................... 32 2.1.1 The production of red gypsum ............................................................................ 35 2.1.2 The application and valorization of RG tailings ................................................ 37 2.2 VEGETATION FUNCTIONS IN TECHNOSOLS .................................................................. 40 2.2.1 Plant stressing factors ........................................................................................ 41 2.2.2 Plant adaptations ............................................................................................... 44 2.3 LAND REMEDIATION METHODS AND TAILINGS PERSPECTIVES ..................................... 50 2.3.1 Phytomanagement in Technosols ....................................................................... 54 CHAPTER 3 AIMS AND OBJECTIVES ........................................................................... 64 CHAPTER 4 EXPERIMENTAL RESIDUAL RED GYPSUM SITE ............................. 68 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS ....................................................................................................... 74 5.1 SPONTANEOUS ECOLOGICAL RECOVERY OF VEGETATION IN A RED GYPSUM LANDFILL: BETULA PENDULA DOMINATES AFTER10 YEARS OF INACTIVITY .............................................. 77 5.1.1 Context and publication ..................................................................................... 77 5.2 IMPROVING SILVER BIRCH (BETULA PENDULA) GROWTH AND MN ACCUMULATION IN RESIDUAL RED GYPSUM USING ORGANIC AMENDMENTS. ...................................................... 101 5.2.1 Context and publication ................................................................................... 101 5.3 DIGESTATE IMPROVES THE DEVELOPMENT OF BETULA PENDULA GROWN ON RESIDUAL RED GYPSUM. ....................................................................................................................... 123 5.3.1 Context and publication ................................................................................... 123 5.4 PHYTOEXTRACTION OF MN FROM A RESIDUAL RED GYPSUM LANDFILL FOR REVALORIZATION THROUGH THE DEVELOPMENT OF LUPINUS ALBUS. ................................... 145 5.4.1 Context and publication ................................................................................... 145 CHAPTER 6 GENERAL DISCUSSION .......................................................................... 164 6.1 INITIAL OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................. 166 6.2 MAIN FINDINGS ........................................................................................................ 166 6.3 PERSPECTIVES .......................................................................................................... 173 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 176 3 Acknowledgements Several were the people that participated, invested their time and/or that were somehow involved during the three years of this PhD thesis, hereof a little mention for them. I would like to thank my supervisors Michel Chalot and Fabienne Tatin-Froux for the trust, guidance, advice, constructive criticism and objectivity during the experimental designs, planning, writing revisions and decision-making. Their support and understanding were really appreciated, especially when stress levels, and the accumulation and layering of troublesome situations found me. Also to the bunch of helpful people that where present in the laboratory and at the university in general for their coup de main (to put it simple). Nadia Crini, Nicolas Carry, Caroline Amiot, Marie-Laure Toussaint, Philippe Binet, Flavien Choulet, François Gillet, Virginie Moutarlier, Marguerite Perry, Carole Bégeot, Olivier Girardclos, Julien Parelle, without your help, advice and assistance this three years would have been way harder. I would also like to thank the team of the CeLab, Caroline Gosselin and Jean-Marc Cerutti, who trusted in me for hosting the Spanish and English workshops during 2017 and 2018. The reward definitely eased and contributed during the first two years of my stay. To Miss Cécile Medina, whose French classes and advice influenced positively in my actual way of expression. To Miss Sarah Bure for the English rehearsal of scientific divulgation that made me more confident on sharing my work. To the priceless presence and contribution of the License and Master students that greatly shared their time and effort to produce some of the results hereby presented: Émilie Rambaud, Léa Mounier and Nicolas Maurice, thanks a lot guys! To the permanent and temporary colleagues from the Chrono-Environnement laboratory, Petra Villette, Lisa Ciadamidaro, Stéphane Pfendler, Javier Fernández de Simón, Jonas Vanardois, Alexandre Lhosmot, Hélène Celle-Jeanton, Arthur Boudon, Dominique Rieffel, Loïc Yung, Damien Rius, Ahmed Abd-Elmola, Thibault Moulin, Céline Maicher, Marion Lestienne, Émilie Gouriveau, Corentin Nicod, Vanessa Stefani, Carlos Menacho, with whom I spent and shared moments of interesting conversations, anecdotes, invaluable criticism, laughter and so much more. Constant three years or even one minute of your time shared with me was priceless. If I managed to forget anyone, please do not take it personal. To the original and added gang of room -116L, Cyril Lobjoie and Maud Bonnemain, Thomas Leydier, Méline Salze, Bertil Nlend, Léa Fellemann, Soumaya Iggout, I have