NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL LIBRARY ARCHIVED FILE Archived files are provided for reference purposes only. This file was current when produced, but is no longer maintained and may now be outdated. Content may not appear in full or in its original format. All links external to the document have been deactivated. For additional information, see http://pubs.nal.usda.gov. United States Department of Agriculture Information Resources on the Care and Use of Insects Agricultural 1968-2004 Research Service AWIC Resource Series No. 25 National Agricultural June 2004 Library Compiled by: Animal Welfare Gregg B. Goodman, M.S. Information Center Animal Welfare Information Center National Agricultural Library U.S. Department of Agriculture Published by: U. S. Department of Agriculture Agricultural Research Service National Agricultural Library Animal Welfare Information Center Beltsville, Maryland 20705 Contact us : http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us Web site: http://awic.nal.usda.gov Policies and Links Adult Giant Brown Cricket Insecta > Orthoptera > Acrididae Tropidacris dux (Drury) Photographer: Ronald F. Billings Texas Forest Service www.insectimages.org Contents How to Use This Guide Insect Models for Biomedical Research [pdf] Laboratory Care / Research | Biocontrol | Toxicology World Wide Web Resources How to Use This Guide* Insects offer an incredible advantage for many different fields of research. They are relatively easy to rear and maintain. Their short life spans also allow for reduced times to complete comprehensive experimental studies. The introductory chapter in this publication highlights some extraordinary biomedical applications. Since insects are so ubiquitous in modeling various complex systems such as nervous, reproduction, digestive, and respiratory, they are the obvious choice for alternative research strategies. Their opportunities lie vastly unexplored. Insects’ biological processes are temperature dependant and they have allowed us to view biochemical pathways and intermediate steps in ways that would be impossible with other warm blooded animal models. They are an economical alternative to vertebrate models and less labor intensive than more traditional laboratory animals. From a societal standpoint, invertebrates may be more acceptable for research than vertebrates. Many scientists, either by law or policy, are required to consider ways to reduce the number of animals proposed for an experiment, refine their techniques to minimize pain and distress, and replace with a non-animal model or a phylogenetically lower species. Since research has not yet shown invertebrate cognition of what would be considered pain in mammals and birds, their use is also a refinement alternative. This guide, Information Resources on the Care and Use of Insects, provides a snapshot of how insects are being used in research and industry. The citations included also review how they are utilized, cultured, reared, and housed in the laboratory and elsewhere. References extracted scan the publication years 2004 to approximately 1968 and resulted from searching numerous scientific and technical databases. The call number is included for materials in the National Agricultural Library’s (NAL) collection. Information on how to obtain copies of articles mentioned in the bibliography are available from the National Agricultural Library's at http://www.nal.usda.gov/borrow-materials. The websites and organizations at the end of some sections are current through August 2004. They were found by running general searches on the World Wide Web. As sites can become outdated or relocated and new sites emerge, a general search on one of the commercial search engines should help locate address changes or new sites if the addresses included no longer function. * Information included in this portion of this publication and other web-resources sections were adapted from Information Resources for the Care and Use of Invertebrates (published previously in AWIC by Michael D. Kreger, Ph.D.) and included with his permission. The author gratefully acknowledges the staff members of the Animal Welfare Information Center (AWIC): Barbara Buchanan for her assistance in review of the printed version and preparation of the web publication, D’Anna Jensen for help with the creation of the index, and Jean Larson for editing and overall guidance/ support. The Animal Welfare Information Center, http://awic.nal.usda.gov/contact-us http://www.nal.usda.gov/awic/pubs/Labinsects/labinsects.htm August 4, 2004 [Reproduced with permission from CRC Press (see Table of Contents for details).] Laboratory Care / Research Coleoptera | Collembola | Drosophila | Other Diptera | Ephemeroptera Hemiptera | Homoptera | Hymenoptera | Isoptera | Lepidoptera Orthoptera | Psocoptera | Miscellaneous Coleoptera 2004 Fuhrer, E. (2004) Polyploid spermatozoa in Pityogenes chalcographus and Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae). European Journal of Entomology. 101(1): 21-27. ISSN: 1210-5759. NAL call number: QL461 E9884 Descriptors: economic entomology, pest assessment control and management, population genetics and studies, terrestrial ecology, Coleoptera, Ips typographus, Pityogenes chalcographus, Picea abies, sperm, reproductive system, polyploidy, spermatozoa, methods and equipment, light microscopy, imaging and microscopy techniques, laboratory techniques, abnormal spermatogenesis, allochthonous sites, allopatric crosses, autochthonous sites, genetics animal, population genetics, environmental biology. Johnson, S.N.; Read, D.B.; Gregory, P.J. (2004) Tracking larval insect movement within soil using high resolution X-ray microtomography. Ecological Entomology. 29(1): 117-122. ISSN: 0307-6946. NAL call number: QL461.E4 Descriptors: behavior, terrestrial ecology, Coleoptera, Sitona lepidus, clover root weevil, larva, neonate, Trifolium repens, X-ray microtomography, laboratory techniques, insect movements, non-invasive methods, plant-insect interactions, soil columns, travel speed, behavioral biology, comparative study, environmental biology. Lagisz, M.; Wolff, K. (2004) Microsatellite DNA markers for the ground beetle Pterostichus oblongopunctatus f. Molecular Ecology Notes.. 4(1): 113-115. ISSN: 1471-8278. NAL call number: QH541.15.M632 Descriptors: molecular genetics and biophysics, population genetics and studies, terrestrial ecology, Coleoptera, Pterostichus oblongopunctatus, ground beetle, microsatellite DNA loci and markers, multiplex polymerase chain reaction, genetic laboratory techniques, heterozygosity in a population, environmental biology. Merrick, M.J.; Smith, R.J. (2004) Temperature regulation in burying beetles (Nicrophorus spp.: Coleoptera: Silphidae): Effects of body size, morphology and environmental temperature. Journal of Experimental Biology. 207(5): 723-733. ISSN: 0022-0949. NAL call number: 442.8 B77 Descriptors: Nicrophorus guttula, Nicrophorus hybridus, body size and temperature, thoracic temperature, thermoregulation, activity patterns, comparative field and laboratory study, Circadian activity, whole animal physiology, temperature relationships, locomotion, behavior. Narberhaus, I.; Theuring, C.; Hartmann, T.; Dobler, S. (2004) Time course of pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration in Longitarsus flea beetles (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae). Chemoecology. 14(1): 17-23. ISSN: 0937-7409. NAL call number: QH541.15.C44.C488 Descriptors: biochemistry and molecular biophysics, terrestrial ecology, toxicology, Coleoptera, Longitarsus aeruginosus, flea beetle, Longitarsus jacobaeae, elytra, hemolymph, N-oxidizing enzyme, pyrrolizidine alkaloids, dissection experiment, chemical defense, chemoecology, sequestration process, time course, environmental biology. Pellissier, S.M.; Carmen, P.S. (2004) Social stimuli affect juvenile hormone during breeding in biparental burying beetles (Silphidae: Nicrophorus). Hormones and Behavior. 45(3): 159-167. ISSN: 0018-506X. NAL call number: QP801.H7H64 Descriptors: parental care, environment, juvenile hormone, development, sexual behavior, laboratory study, Coleoptera, breeding behavior, Coleoptera, Nicrophorus orbicollis. Prasifka, J.R.; Heinz, K.M; Winemiller, K.O. (2004) Crop colonisation, feeding, and reproduction by the predatory beetle, Hippodamia convergens, as indicated by stable carbon isotope analysis. Ecological Entomology. 29(2): 226-233. ISSN: 0307-6946 NAL call number: QL461.E4 Descriptors: behavior, terrestrial ecology, environmental biology, Hippodamia convergens, Coleoptera, Aphis gossypii, Homoptera, Malvaceae, methods and equipment, carbon isotope analysis, laboratory techniques, crop colonization, feeding, habitat management, reproduction. Pratt, S.J.; Reuss, R. (2004) Scrubbing carbon dioxide prevents overestimation of insect mortality in long-duration static phosphine toxicity assays. Journal of Stored Products Research. 40(2): 233-239. ISSN: 0022-474X. NAL call number: 421 J829 Descriptors: economic entomology, methods and techniques, pest assessment control and management, Coleoptera, Sitophilus oryzae, carbon dioxide, toxicity enhancer, phosphine, soda lime, carbon dioxide scrubbing, long-duration static phosphine toxicity assays, bioassay techniques, comparative study, experimental morphology, physiology, pathology. 2003 Omkar, A.; Srivastava, S. (2003) Predation and searching efficiency of a ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata linnaeus in laboratory environment. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 41(1): 82-84. ISSN: 0019-5189. NAL call number: 442.8 IN2 Descriptors: economic entomology, Coleoptera, Homoptera, Coccinella