Developing a Community Alcohol Support Package: An exploratory study with a Punjabi Sikh Community Final report December 2013 Sarah Galvani and Gary Manders with Sarah Wadd and Shaheen Chaudhry Contents Contents ........................................................................................................................................... 2 Acknowledgements .......................................................................................................................... 6 An explanatory note: Sikhism, Gurdwara and the Guru Granth Sahib ............................................... 6 Project Advisory Group ..................................................................................................................... 7 Executive Summary .......................................................................................................................... 8 Background ......................................................................................................................................... 8 Methodology ....................................................................................................................................... 8 Findings: summaries ........................................................................................................................... 9 Summary – process issues ...................................................................................................... 9 Summary – survey data........................................................................................................... 9 Summary – service users ...................................................................................................... 10 Summary – young people ..................................................................................................... 11 Summary – women’s group .................................................................................................. 11 Summary – service providers ................................................................................................ 11 Summary – Aquarius work to date ....................................................................................... 13 Recommendations ............................................................................................................................ 13 Conclusion ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Section 1: Background .................................................................................................................... 16 Alcohol use among the Punjabi Sikh community.............................................................................. 16 Community and family focus in service provision and development ............................................... 17 Section 2: Sample community ........................................................................................................ 19 East Handsworth and Lozells Ward profile ....................................................................................... 19 Deprivation ........................................................................................................................... 20 Unemployment and worklessness ........................................................................................ 20 Alcohol profile ....................................................................................................................... 20 Criminal justice data ............................................................................................................. 21 Health data ............................................................................................................................ 21 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 22 Section 3: Methodology .................................................................................................................. 23 Aims and Objectives .......................................................................................................................... 23 Sample population and recruitment ................................................................................................. 23 Data collection methods ................................................................................................................... 24 Evidence reviews ................................................................................................................... 24 Ethnographic research .......................................................................................................... 25 Data analysis ..................................................................................................................................... 27 Evidence reviews ................................................................................................................... 27 2 Surveys .................................................................................................................................. 27 Qualitative Data .................................................................................................................... 27 Limitations ........................................................................................................................................ 28 Ethical considerations ....................................................................................................................... 28 Section 4: Findings - Process issues ................................................................................................. 29 Learning to engage............................................................................................................................ 29 Hierarchy, power and politics ........................................................................................................... 30 Resistance to discussing alcohol ....................................................................................................... 31 Relationships with gatekeepers ........................................................................................................ 31 Confidentiality, shame and stigma ................................................................................................... 32 Gendered roles ................................................................................................................................. 32 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 32 Section 5: Findings - Survey and mapping data ............................................................................... 34 Knowledge and perceptions of alcohol-related problems ............................................................... 35 Knowledge of, and attitudes towards, alcohol interventions........................................................... 36 Religious support for people with alcohol problems ........................................................................ 38 Mapping data .................................................................................................................................... 39 Summary ........................................................................................................................................... 40 Section 6: Findings - Qualitative ..................................................................................................... 41 Service users ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Drinking norms ...................................................................................................................... 41 Negative impact of drinking .................................................................................................. 42 Domestic violence ................................................................................................................. 43 Gender differences in drinking ............................................................................................. 43 Generation differences in drinking ....................................................................................... 44 Religion, culture and alcohol................................................................................................. 45 Service provision ................................................................................................................... 46 Barriers to help seeking ........................................................................................................ 50 Summary: Service Users.................................................................................................................... 50 Young People .................................................................................................................................... 52 Alcohol’s impact on health and behaviour ........................................................................... 52 Costs of drinking ................................................................................................................... 53 Reasons for drinking ............................................................................................................