( I' SURVEY OF HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN THE TOWN OF WESTON, WINDSOR COUNTY 1, VERMONT prepared by Engineering Geology Section, Materials Division Vermont Department of Highways I in cooperation with United States Department of Transportation Federal Highway Administration Montpelier, Vermont January, 1974 ( TABLE OF CONTENTS I Introduction Acknowledgements ..... • • • • 1 History .............. ...... a a 1 Inclosures . • . , , . 2 Location ........ ...... .. 4 County and Town Outline Map of Vermont Survey of Rock Sources Procedure for Rock Survey ...... ...... 5 Discussion of Rock and Rock Sources • . 6 Survey of Sand and Gravel Deposits Procedure for Sand and Gravel Survey . a. 7 Discussion of Sand and Gravel Deposits ........... 8 Summary of Rock Formations in the Town of Weston . .' . .. 9 Glossary of Selected Geologic Terms . .. 10 Bibliography ........... 12 Partial Specifications for Highway Construction Materials. , . Appendix I Weston Granular Data Sheet . Tablel Weston Property Owners Granular. ... .. .. .. ... Supplement Weston Rock Data Sheets • . • . • . .. Table II Weston Property Owners Rock . ... o . Supplement Granular Materials Map Plate I Rock Materials Map. o • . • . .. Plate II I Page 1 - _____ The work of this Project was greatly implemented by the cooperation and assistance of many groups and individuals. The following were partic- ularly helpful in carrying out the Project's objectives. 1. Various departments and individuals of the Vermont State Department of Highways, notably the Planning and Mapping Division and the Highway Testing Labo- ratory. 2. Professor D. P. Stewart of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio. 3. Professor C. C. Doll, Vermont State Geologist, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont. 4. United States Department of Commerce, Bureau of Public Roads. The Materials Survey Project was formed in 1957 by the Vermont State a Department of Highways with the assistance of the United States Bureau of Public Roads. Its prime objective was to compile an inventory of highway - construction materials in the State of Vermont. prior to the efforts of the personnel of the Survey as described in this and other reports, searches for highway construction materials were conducted only as the immediate situation required. Thus only limited areas are surveyed, and no over- all picture of material resources was available. Highway contractors or resident engineers are usually required to locate the materials for their respective projects and have samples tested by the Highway Testing Labo- ratory. The additional cost of exploration for construction materials is passed onto the State in the form of higher construction costs, The Ma- terials Survey Project was established to minimize or elimate this fac-. cor by enabling the State and its contractors to proceed with information Page 2 on materials sources available beforehand. Prior knowledge of locations of suitable material is an important factor in planning future highways. The sources of construction materials are located by this Project through ground reconnaissance study of maps and aerial photographs, and geological and physiographic interpretation. ilaps, data sheets, and work sheets for reporting the findings of the Project were designed with their intended use in mind. These maps and data sheets were devised to furnish information of particular use to the contractor or construction man. For maximum benefit, the maps, data sheets, and this report should be studied simultaneously. Inc losures Included in this folder are two surface-geology maps, one defining the location of tests conducted on bedrock sources, the other defining the loca- I tion of tests conducted on granular materials. These maps are derived from 15-minute or 7½-minute quadrangles of the United States Geological Survey enlarged or reduced to 1:31250 or 1 11 = 2604 1 . Delineated on the Bedrock Lap are the various rock types of the area. This information was obtained from numerous sources: Vermont Geological Survey Bulletins, Vermont State Geologist Reports, United States Geological Survey Bedrock Uaps, and the Centennial Geological hap of Vermont, as well as other references. The granular materials map depicts areas covered by various types of glacial deposits (outwash, moraines, kames, kame terraces, eskers, etc.) by which potential sources of gravel and sand may be recognized. This infor- mation was obtained primarily from a survey conducted by Professor D. P. Stewart of lxliaxni University, Oxford, Ohio, who had been mapping the glacial features of Vermont during the summer months since 1956. Further Page 3 infoation was obtained from the Soil Survey (Peconnaissarcc) of Vermont conducted by the Bureau of Chemistry and Soils of the United StatasDepartment of Agricultrue, and from Vermont Geological Survey Bul- letiris, United States Geological Survey Quadrangles, aerial photograph5, the Surficjal Geologic 1,ap of Vermont, and other sources. On both reaps the areas tested are represented by identification Numbers. Several tests are usually conducted in each area represented by an Identification Number, the number of such tcts being more or less arbitrarily determined either by the character of the material or by the topography. Also included in this folder are data sheets for both the Bedrock and Granular Uaterials Survey, which contain detailed information for each test conducted by the Project as well as information obtained from other sources, - and including an active card file compiled by the Highway Testing Laboratory. The latter information was gathered over a period of years by many persons and consequently lacks the organized approach and detail required for effec- tive use. The information on the cards varied widely in completeness. Trans- far of information from the cards to the data sheets was made without elab- oration or verification. Jhen possible, the locations of the deposits listed in the card files have also been plotted on the maps; however, some cards in the file were not used because the information on the location of the deposit was incomplete or unidentifiable. Caution should be exercised wherever this information appears incomplete. This Project does not assume responsibility for the information taken from the card files. t!ork sheets contain more detailed information on each test and a de- tailed sketch of each identification Number Area. The work sheets and laboratory reports are on 'file in the office headquarters of this Project. Page 4 The town of Weston is located in the southeast corner of Windsor County in the southern part of the state. It is bounded on the north by the town of Mount Holiy, on the northeast by Ludlow, on the east by Andover, on the south by Londonderry, on the southwest by Landgrove and Peru, and on the west by the town of Mount Tabor. (See County and Town Outline Nap of Vermont on the following page.) Weston lies entirely within the Green Mountain physiographic region, and its rugged topography is characterized by steep terrain. Elevations range from 2,804 feet at the summit of Peabody Hill, to less than 1,160 feet at the London- derry town line where the West River crosses it on the way to Brattleboro and the Connecticut River. Principal drainage is eastward, via Greendale Brook, Jenny Coolidge Brook and several unnamed streams, into the south-flowing West River. 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