The author(s) shown below used Federal funds provided by the U.S. Department of Justice and prepared the following final report: Document Title: The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Women’s Labor Force Participation Author(s): Stephanie Riger, Susan Staggs Document No.: 207143 Date Received: October 5, 2004 Award Number: 2001-WT-BX-0002 This report has not been published by the U.S. Department of Justice. To provide better customer service, NCJRS has made this Federally- funded grant final report available electronically in addition to traditional paper copies. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. Final Report The Impact of Intimate Partner Violence on Women’s Labor Force Participation Submitted to the National Institute of Justice Stephanie Riger, Ph.D., Principal Investigator* Susan Staggs, M. A., Research Assistant With the assistance of April Howard, M. A., Gillian Mason, M. A., Susan Long, B. A., and Paul Schewe, Ph.D. Address: Department of Psychology University of Illinois at Chicago 1009 Behavioral Sciences Building, Mail Code 285 1007 W. Harrison Street Chicago, IL 60607-7137 Phone: 312-413-2300 Fax: 312-413-4122 Email: [email protected] *Acknowledgements: This study was supported by Grant No. 2001-WT-BX-0002 awarded to the principal investigator by the National Institute of Justice. Points of view in this study are those of the authors and do not purport to represent the position of the U.S. Department of Justice. Data for this project come from the Illinois Families Study, Dan A. Lewis, Principal Investigator (Northwestern University). We would especially like to acknowledge the women who shared their life experiences for this study. This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. ii Table of Contents 1................................................................................................... Abstract ......................................1 Research Goals ........................................................................................ 1 Research Design & Methodology ............................................................. 1 Key Research Results............................................................................... 1 2................................................................................................... Executive Summary..................2 Introduction ............................................................................................... 2 Study Background..................................................................................... 3 Methodology.............................................................................................. 3 Selected Key Findings .............................................................................. 3 Employment Stability Among Abused and Nonabused Women............... 3 Work/Welfare Status Among Abused and Nonabused Women ............... 4 Health Problems Among Abused and Nonabused Women...................... 6 Welfare Policy Implications ....................................................................... 8 Implications for Service Providers............................................................. 9 Implications for Law Enforcement ............................................................. 9 Implications for Research.......................................................................... 9 Implications for Theory............................................................................ 10 3................................................................................................... Chapter 1: Project Description .........................................................................................................................11 Overview ................................................................................................. 11 The Context of the Study ........................................................................ 11 Welfare Reform ....................................................................................... 11 Welfare Reform and Economic Well-Being............................................. 11 Domestic Violence and Employment ...................................................... 11 Research Goals ...................................................................................... 13 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. iii 4................................................................................................... Chapter 2: Scope and Methodology .................................................................................................15 Overview ................................................................................................. 15 Research Design..................................................................................... 15 Sample Selection .................................................................................... 15 Sampling Procedures.............................................................................. 16 Response Rates and Attrition Analysis................................................... 16 Sample Characteristics ........................................................................... 17 Data Weighting........................................................................................ 18 Data Sources .......................................................................................... 18 Informed Consent Process...................................................................... 18 Interview Process.................................................................................... 19 Measures.................................................................................................19 5................................................................................................... Chapter 3: Prevalence and Univariate Analyses of Key Variables .......................................................27 Introduction ............................................................................................. 27 Abuse ...................................................................................................... 27 Sociodemographic Factors ..................................................................... 27 Human Capital ........................................................................................ 28 Health ...................................................................................................... 28 Social Support and Support from the Welfare Office .............................. 29 Mothering ................................................................................................ 29 Financial Hardship, Continuous Welfare Receipt, and Transportation Problems....................................... 29 Unemployment Rate ............................................................................... 30 What Was the Prevalence of Childhood, Lifetime and Recent Abuse at Wave 1? .................................... 30 What Was the Economic Status of the IFS Sample at Wave 1? ............ 32 What Obstacles to Employment did Women Face at Wave 1? .............. 35 Was the Number of Employment Obstacles Associated with Economic Status at Wave 1? ..................... 36 How Does Economic Status Change over a Three-year Period?...........37 How Do Employment Obstacles Change Over a Three-Year Period? ... 37 This document is a research report submitted to the U.S. Department of Justice. This report has not been published by the Department. Opinions or points of view expressed are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. iv How Do Abuse Patterns Over Time Affect Employment Obstacles and Economic Status? ...................... 39 Patterns of Abuse and Employment Obstacles ...................................... 40 Patterns of Abuse and Economic Status ................................................ 41 6................................................................................................... Chapter 4: Factors Associated with Lifetime History of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault Victimization ......................................... 43 Introduction ............................................................................................. 43 The Current Research............................................................................. 44 Analysis ................................................................................................... 44 What Factors Were Associated with a Lifetime History of Domestic Violence and Sexual Assault?...................................................................................................44 Discussion ............................................................................................... 46 7..................................................................................................