1 WORKING PLAN FOR HOSHIARPUR, DASUYA AND GARHSHANKER FOREST DIVISIONS PART- I Summary of the facts on which the proposals are based CHAPTER –I 1. The tract dealt with. Name, ground situation, topographic sheet reference: - The forests dealt with in this working plan fall under three territorial Forest Divisions namely Hoshiarpur, Dasuya and Garhshankar Forest Division. The areas of R-IV Karanpur, R-V Bindra Ban and P.Nandbir of Dasuya Forest Division are excluded from this working plan as a separate working plan for these forests already exists. Hoshiarpur District lies between longitude 750 28’ and 760 32’ East longitude 300 52’ and 300 5’ North. Following survey sheets cover the area concerning this working plan in which these three territorial forest divisions fall: - Scale 1:2,50,000 & 43P,44M,53A & 53B 4” = 1 mile Scale 1:50,000 & 43P/12,16 1” = 1 mile 44M/6,9,10,11,13,14,15,16 53A/2,3,4,7,8,12 53B/1,5,9, There is also a Wild life Forest Division with head quarters at Hoshiarpur dealing with wildlife management aspects falling in the area concerned under this working plan. The area dealt with in this Working Plan is bound by River Beas on North, River Sutlej on South, Himachal Pardesh and Ropar Forest Division on East and Kapurthala and Jalandhar Districts on West. Area of Balachaur sub division of Nawanshahar district falls in territorial jurisdiction of Garhshankar Forest Division. Gurdaspur and Pathankot districts are on the northen side of Dasuya Forest Division. Different ranges of the divisions of this working plan are as under: - Sr. No. Division Ranges 1 Garhshankar. Garhshankar, Mahilpur, Balachaur-I & II and Kathgarh-I & II. 2 Hoshiarpur. Hoshiarpur, Hariana, Mehngrowal and Dholbaha. 3 Dasuya. Dasuya, Mukerian, Badla and Talwara-I & II. 2 2. Configuration of the Ground Basically the whole area forms part of the Shiwalik Hills and is a sub-mountainous tract. A large number of hill torrents and small rivulets (choes) divides the area ultimately draining into River Sutlej and River Beas. The slopes along the main ridges and choes are quite steep but slope is quite gentle in the riverain tract which is almost plain. Elevation varies from 311.5 mtr. to 716.52 mtr. in the area. Highest point is Chamuhi which is at height of about 739.56 mtr. The areas of this working plan fall in number of watersheds. Distribution of block-forests areas falling in these division on the basis of configuration is as under: - S.No. Class Area (Ha) ___________________________________________________________ 1. Hills Area 8201.50 2. Foot Hill 574.90 3. Bela Area 3287.30 4. Mand Area 2310.47 _______ Total 14374.17 The working plan covers approximately 1662 Ha. Of strip forests which do not include Zila Parishad Roads. S.No. Forest Type Area (Ha) ______________________________________________________ 1. Roads 571.75 2. Rails 320.86 3. Canals 593.12 4. Bandhs & Drains 176.38 ______ Total 1662.11 G. Total: 16036.28 ____________________________________________________ 3. Geology Rocks and Soilvv As far as geology is concerned the rocks are classified into two broad belts an outer belt and an inner belt, formed respectively during the upper tertiary and lower tertiary periods. Upper Shivalik : Soft Earths, Clays & Boulders, Conglomerates. Middle Shivalik : Massive sand rock & Clay beds. Lower Shivalik : Grey Micaceous sand stones and un-fossiliferous slabs. 3 The plain consists of alluvium of Indo-Gangetic origin. In fact the above tract is basically the part of watersheds of Eastern drainage and Western drainage. Soil: - On the basis of morphological, physico-chemical and chemical studies of the soil profile from the different meteorological divisions, Sharma (1953) classified the soils into the World Group Zone No.2. These soils represent those developed under humid conditions and hot climate of sub mountainous areas. Profile of virgin wasteland of these areas consists of following zonal descriptions: Depth (Inches) Description 0-6 Dark brown, silty clay loam, no effervescence with HCI, pH approx.7. 6-42 Brown clay compact, no effervescence with HCI, pH same as above. 42-66 Same as above. 66-92 Same as above, but grey spots are found sporadically. 92-108 Grey loose fine, no effervescence with HCI, pH approx. 6.5. 108-120 Dark brown, clay loam compact, no effervescence with HCI, pH same as above. Profile analysis reveals that soil is clayey with large preponderance of silt fraction and the soils are siliceous in nature. The amount of silica sesquioxide increases with depth while Calcium Carbonate is absent. The clay is kaeolinetic mixed with hydrous mica and montmorillonetic clay minerals in the bottom layer. These soils have been designated as transitional soils of alluvial origin. The hilly areas have a slope varying from 10 to 50 percent or even more at a few places. In the hills and foothills, the soil is almost pure sand or clay mixed with coarse ingredients of pebbles and grave. In the bela areas, the soil is comprised of coarse sand or sandy loam. In mand areas the top layer is almost invariably of silt loam with comparatively fine sand underneath. The soils are generally shallow in hills and foothills and quite deep in the plains. They are generally well drained. Soil is mostly poor in nitrogen and organic matter. 4. Climate In mountainous and sub-mountainous zone temperature and other climatic factors are greatly altered by altitudinal changes. The climate of the area is described as semi-arid. Most of the rainfall is received during monsoon from July to middle of September, while rains are few during January-February. Average annual rainfall as per the recent data varies from 272.72 mm to 1284 mm. Precipitation in the form of dew also occurs in winter from October to January which has beneficial effects on young plants. April to June are generally dry months. During summer, the average maximum temperature recorded was 41.20 C and minimum temperature recorded was 4 23.600 C and during winter the average maximum temperature of 270 C and minimum temperature of 0.20 C were recorded in the month of January. Due to high temperature and dry climate in the summer months mortality in young plantations has been noticed. During winter pool frost and advective frost is quite common which cause damage to frost-tender species in the young stage. Table No. 1, 2, 3 shows monthly rainfall data recorded in the last ten years for three main stations i.e Dasuya, Hoshiarpur, Garhshankar (Ballowal Sounkri), respectively. 5. Water Supply. The area is slopy and undulating, the precipitation in the Shiwalik Hills is drained by ‘Choes’ of hill torrents which spring up during the rainy season. Irrigation is not possible in case of plantations in the hills and foothills of Shiwaliks because of acute shortage of water even for drinking purposes. Conventionally hand watering or irrigation is not undertaken in Shiwalik plantations as these are only rainfed. Therefore, the success of plantations mainly depends on timely planting during the monsoon period and soil and water conservation measures taken up in the vicinity of plantations. Along canal strips however, there is no problem of water for irrigation. Even in the neighborhood of strip forests i.e. roads, rails, bundhs and drains, lots of tube wells are existing and water for irrigating the plantations can be arranged from these sources easily. In the mand areas the water table is shallow at only 3 to 4 meters deep and elsewhere in the plains it is 15 to 25 meters deep and temporary wells can easily be dug up for the purpose of hand watering or irrigating the plantations in these areas. Many earthen dams, artificial barrages, multipurpose dams with small and big reservoirs have also been constructed recently for augmenting irrigation facilities in Kandi area. Kandi Canal has also been constructed and second phase of the project is in progress. Moreover there are small pipe line projects linked with Kandi Canal. Kandi Canal has been constructed along with Shiwaliks, starting from Talwara in Dasuya Forest Division and it has reached upto Garhshankar. Shah Nehar originate from Talwara and covers plain areas of Mukerian. Various dams/ponds constructed in the areas of different divisions are as under: - Division Year Detail of Work Name of Forest/Choe Name of Volume(M3)/ Range Number Garhshankar 2010-11 Cement Masonry Baba di choe Mahilpur 240 M3 Structure -“- -“- -“- Sekhowal (Sekhowal Garhshankar 181.61M3 Khai choe) -“- -“- -“- Majhot (Garhi Choe) Balachaur-II 160M3 -“- -“- -“- Nangal (Siaili Wali Kathgarh-II 80M3 Choe) 5 Division Year Detail of Work Name of Forest/Choe Name of Range Volume(M3)/ Number Garhshankar 2010-11 New Pond Maili (Baba di choe) Mahilpur 1 No. -“- -“- -“- Sekhowal (Sekhowal Garhshankar 1 No. Khai choe) -“- -“- -“- Majhot (Garhi Choe) Balachaur-II 1 No. -“- -“- -“- Nangal (Siaili Wali Kathgarh-II 1 No. Choe) -“- -“- -“- Sekhowal (Sekhowal Garhshankar 2 No. Khai choe) -“- -“- -“- Nangal (Siaili Wali Kathgarh 2 No. Choe) Hoshiarpur 2008-09 Cement Massonary Uppar Dherian Dholbaha 154.43 (1 No.) Structure (Gazrarewala Choe) -“- -“- -“- Uppar Dherian Dholbaha 165.90 (1 No.) (Chhapruwala Choe) -“- -“- -“- Dholbaha (Pandita wala Dholbaha 129.37 (1 No.) Choe) -“- -“- Earthan Dam Nara Hoshiarpur (1 No.) (Mittiwala Choe) -“- 2009-10 Cement Massonary Khangwari Dholbaha 152(1 No.) Structure (Karahewala Choe) -“- -“- -“- Gurniali Hariana 151.21 (1 No.) (Gurniali Choe) -“- -“- -“- Janauri Hariana 144.19 (1 No.) (Gidderawali Choe-1) -“- -“- -“- Janauri Hariana 146.59 (1 No.) (Gidderawali Choe-2) -“- -“- -“- Manjhi (Marawali Choe) Hoshiarpur 166.90 (1 No.) -“- -“- -“- Nara Hoshiarpur 72.47 (1 No.) (Mittiwala Choe) -“- -“- Earthan Dam Uper Dherian Dholbaha (1 No.) (Warawala Choe) -“- -“- -“- Janauri Hariana (1 No.) (Dilhi Darwaja Choe) Dasuya 2006-07 Cement Massonary Labhar Talwara-I 2 No.