Joint Publication 3-02 Joint Doctrine for Amphibious Operations 19 September 2001 PREFACE 1. Scope 3. Application This publication is a doctrine document in a. Doctrine and guidance established in the joint operations series. It provides this publication apply to the commanders fundamental principles that guide the Armed of combatant commands, subunified Forces of the United States in the conduct of commands, joint task forces, and subordinate amphibious operations. components of these commands. These principles and guidance also may apply when 2. Purpose significant forces of one Service are attached to forces of another Service or when This publication has been prepared under significant forces of one Service support the direction of the Chairman of the Joint forces of another Service. Chiefs of Staff. It sets forth doctrine to govern the joint activities and performance of the b. The guidance in this publication is Armed Forces of the United States in joint authoritative; as such, this doctrine will be operations and provides the doctrinal basis for followed except when, in the judgment of the US military involvement in multinational and commander, exceptional circumstances interagency operations. It provides military dictate otherwise. If conflicts arise between guidance for the exercise of authority by the contents of this publication and the combatant commanders and other joint contents of Service publications, this force commanders (JFCs) and prescribes publication will take precedence for the doctrine for joint operations and training. It activities of joint forces unless the Chairman provides military guidance for use by the of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, normally in Armed Forces in preparing their appropriate coordination with the other members of the plans. It is not the intent of this publication to Joint Chiefs of Staff, has provided more restrict the authority of the JFC from current and specific guidance. Commanders organizing the force and executing the mission of forces operating as part of a multinational in a manner the JFC deems most appropriate (alliance or coalition) military command to ensure unity of effort in the accomplishment should follow multinational doctrine and of the overall mission. procedures ratified by the United States. For doctrine and procedures not ratified by the United States, commanders should evaluate and follow the multinational command’s doctrine and procedures, where applicable and consistent with US law, regulations, and doctrine. For the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff: S. A. FRY Vice Admiral, U.S. Navy Director, Joint Staff i Preface Intentionally Blank ii JP 3-02 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ ix CHAPTER I CONCEPT OF AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS • General ..................................................................................................................... I-1 • Applications .............................................................................................................. I-2 • Types of Amphibious Operations .............................................................................. I-2 • Characteristics ........................................................................................................... I-4 • Capabilities ............................................................................................................... I-6 • Sequence ................................................................................................................... I-6 • Initiating an Amphibious Operation .......................................................................... I-6 • Termination of an Amphibious Operation ................................................................. I-8 CHAPTER II COMMAND AND CONTROL • General .................................................................................................................... II-1 • Organization of Joint Forces ..................................................................................... II-1 • Command and Control of Amphibious Forces .......................................................... II-2 • Operational Control ................................................................................................. II-4 • Tactical Control ........................................................................................................ II-5 • Support .................................................................................................................... II-5 • Parallel Chains of Command .................................................................................... II-7 • Amphibious Force Task Organization and Task Designators .................................... II-8 • Operational Areas .................................................................................................... II-9 CHAPTER III AIR COMMAND AND CONTROL • Joint Air Operations ............................................................................................... III-1 • Airspace Control in Amphibious Operations .......................................................... III-1 • Navy Tactical Air Control Center ........................................................................... III-4 • Marine Corps Tactical Air Command Center .......................................................... III-5 • Tactical Air Operations Center ............................................................................... III-6 • Counterair Operations During Amphibious Operations .......................................... III-6 • Air Command and Control Procedures ................................................................... III-8 CHAPTER IV APPROACH TO PLANNING AND PRIMARY DECISIONS • General .................................................................................................................. IV-1 • Tenets of Amphibious Planning .............................................................................. IV-1 iii Table of Contents • Planning Directive ................................................................................................. IV-2 • Amphibious Planning Process ................................................................................ IV-2 • Primary Decisions .................................................................................................. IV-4 • Crosstalks and Confirmation Briefs ........................................................................ IV-8 CHAPTER V THE INTELLIGENCE CYCLE AND AMPHIBIOUS OPERATIONS • Introduction: Amphibious Operations Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance ..................................................................................................... V-1 • Required Intelligence, Surveillance, and Reconnaissance Capabilities ..................... V-1 • The Intelligence Cycle and Amphibious Operations ................................................ V-2 • Key Intelligence Activities and Goals During Planning ........................................... V-3 • Intelligence Support to Operations .......................................................................... V-4 CHAPTER VI COMMAND, CONTROL, COMMUNICATIONS, AND COMPUTER SYSTEMS SUPPORT PLANNING • Requirements of Command, Control, Communications, and Computer Systems .... VI-1 • General C4 Systems Support Planning Considerations ........................................... VI-2 • C4 Systems Support During the Planning Phase ..................................................... VI-2 • C4 Systems Support During the Embarkation Phase ............................................... VI-3 • C4 Systems Support During the Rehearsal Phase ................................................... VI-3 • C4 Systems Support During the Movement Phase .................................................. VI-3 • C4 Systems Support During Advance Force Operations ......................................... VI-3 • C4 Systems Support During the Action Phase ........................................................ VI-3 • Responsibilities ...................................................................................................... VI-3 • Communications Deception and Countermeasures ................................................. VI-4 • C4 Systems Support Plan ....................................................................................... VI-4 • Landing Force C4 Systems ..................................................................................... VI-4 CHAPTER VII FIRE SUPPORT PLANNING AND COORDINATION • General ................................................................................................................. VII-1 • Fire Support Systems ............................................................................................ VII-1 • Planning and Coordination .................................................................................... VII-4 CHAPTER VIII LOGISTICS PLANNING • General ................................................................................................................ VIII-1 • Logistic Planning Responsibilities ........................................................................ VIII-2 • Logistic Planning Considerations and Factors ...................................................... VIII-3 • Logistic Planning Sequence ................................................................................. VIII-4 • Logistic Plans......................................................................................................