A Service of Leibniz-Informationszentrum econstor Wirtschaft Leibniz Information Centre Make Your Publications Visible. zbw for Economics Menz, Jan-Oliver; Vogel, Lena Working Paper A Detailed Derivation of the Sticky Price and Sticky Information New Keynesian DSGE Model DEP (Socioeconomics) Discussion Papers - Macroeconomics and Finance Series, No. 2/2009 Provided in Cooperation with: Hamburg University, Department Socioeconomics Suggested Citation: Menz, Jan-Oliver; Vogel, Lena (2009) : A Detailed Derivation of the Sticky Price and Sticky Information New Keynesian DSGE Model, DEP (Socioeconomics) Discussion Papers - Macroeconomics and Finance Series, No. 2/2009, Hamburg University, Department Economics and Politics, Hamburg This Version is available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10419/103181 Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen: Terms of use: Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Documents in EconStor may be saved and copied for your Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden. personal and scholarly purposes. 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Both the sticky price version and the sticky information variant are derived mathematically. Moreover, we simulate the models, also including lagged terms in the sticky price version, and compare the implied impulse response functions. Finally, we present solution methods for DSGE models, and discuss three important theoretical assumptions. Keywords: New Keynesian Model, Sticky Prices, Sticky Information, So- lution Algorithms JEL classification: E0, E20, C61, C62, C63 ∗We thank Jana Gettel and Torsten Schünemann for excellent research support, and Ingrid Größl, Oskar von dem Hagen and Ulrich Fritsche for very helpful comments and discussions. This research was supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft. We are responsible for all remaining errors. I Contents J.-O.Menz, L.Vogel Contents 1 The Sticky Price Model 1 1.1 Households’ Decisions ........................... 1 1.2 Firms’ Decisions .............................. 4 1.3 Flexible price equilibrium output .................... 7 1.4 Derivation of the IS Curve ........................ 8 1.5 Derivation of the Phillips Curve ..................... 9 2 The Sticky Information Model 14 2.1 Households’ Decisions ........................... 14 2.2 Derivation of the Sticky Information IS Curve ............. 20 2.3 Firms’ Decision .............................. 21 2.4 Derivation of the Sticky Information Phillips Curve .......... 22 3 Simulating the Model With Different Specifications 26 3.1 Simulated Models ............................. 27 3.1.1 The Sticky Price Model ..................... 27 3.1.2 Habit Formation and Lagged Inflation ............. 27 3.1.3 The Sticky Information Model .................. 27 3.2 Shocks and Parameter Values ...................... 28 3.3 Results: Impulse Response Functions .................. 30 4 Solution Methods 32 4.1 Repeated Substitution .......................... 32 4.1.1 The Fundamental Solution .................... 34 4.1.2 The Set of Bubble Solutions ................... 35 4.2 The Method of Undetermined Coefficients ............... 35 4.2.1 Solution of a Single Equation .................. 35 4.2.2 Systems of Equations: Generalized Schur Decomposition . 37 4.2.3 Uhlig’s Toolkit .......................... 40 4.2.4 Stability Analysis and Solution Selection Criteria ....... 45 4.3 Solving Expectations Models with Lagged Expectations ........ 46 5 Appendix: Theoretical Discussion 52 5.1 Multiple Equilibria ............................ 52 5.2 The Role of Money ............................ 53 5.3 The Role of Capital Accumulation .................... 54 References 56 II 1 The Sticky Price Model J.-O.Menz, L.Vogel 1 The Sticky Price Model The standard version of the New Keynesian Model is discussed in detail by Clarida et al. (1999), however, without giving a full derivation of the IS curve and the Phillips curve. This is included in Walsh (2003), page 232 onwards, whose presentation we adopt as well. 1.1 Households’ Decisions The first part of the model describes households’ behavior with regard to consump- tion spending and utility maximization. Note that this decision problem consists of two parts: households minimize the costs of buying the composite consumption good Ct and maximize their lifetime utility depending on consumption, money holdings and leisure. Households’ Cost Minimization Problem: The composite consumption good Ct consists of differentiated goods cjt produced by firms j. It is defined as θ 1 θ−1 θ−1 θ Ct = cjt dj , θ> 1 (1) Z0 θ gives the price elasticity of demand for the individual goods. Households try to minimize the costs of achieving the level of the composite consumption good by finding the least expensive combination of individual goods cjt. With pjt as the prices of the individual goods, this can be written mathematically as 1 min pjtcjtdj (2) cjt Z0 s.t. θ 1 θ−1 θ−1 θ cjt dj ≥ Ct. (3) Z0 To solve this problem, we form a Lagrangian θ 1 1 θ−1 θ−1 θ L = pjtcjtdj − ψt cjt dj − Ct , (4) Z0 "Z0 # which gives the first order condition (FOC) for cjt: θ − 1 − θ−1 1 − θ θ 1 θ − 1 θ 1 −1 p − ψ c θ dj c θ = 0 jt t θ − 1 jt θ jt " Z0 # 1 1 θ−1 θ−1 − 1 θ θ pjt − ψt cjt dj cjt = 0 (5) Z0 Rearranging, using −θ on both sides and applying the definition for the composite consumption good in (1) yields: 1 1 The Sticky Price Model J.-O.Menz, L.Vogel − 1 θ pjt c = 1 jt − θ 1 θ−1 1 θ ψt 0 cjt dj − 1 h i − − 1 p R 1 θ−1 θ 1 c θ = jt c θ dj jt ψ jt t Z0 −θ θ 1 θ−1 θ−1 pjt θ cjt = cjt dj ψt 0 − Z p θ c = jt C (6) jt ψ t t This reformulated FOC can then be substituted again into the equation for the composite consumption good (1). Solving for the Lagrangian multiplier ψt gives: θ 1 θ−1 θ−1 θ Ct = cjt dj 0 Z θ θ−1 − θ−1 1 p θ θ C = jt C dj t ψ t Z0 " t # − θ θ 1 θ−1 1 1−θ Ct = pjt dj Ct ψt 0 Z θ 1 θ−1 −θ 1−θ ψt = pjt dj 0 Z 1 1 1−θ 1−θ ψt = pjt dj ≡ Pt (7) Z0 Thus, the Lagrangian multiplier gives the aggregate price index Pt for consump- tion as the integral over the prices of the individual goods. Using this definition of the aggregate price index in the reformulated FOC in (6) gives the demand for good j: − p θ c = jt C (8) jt P t t Recall that θ stands for the price elasticity of demand for good j. As θ → ∞, individual goods become closer substitutes and individual firms have less market power. Households’ Utility Maximization Problem: The second step of households’ decisions consists of maximizing lifetime utility subject to a period-by-period budget constraint. Using a constant relative risk aversion utility function (CRRA), the representative household’s lifetime utility can be written as 2 1 The Sticky Price Model J.-O.Menz, L.Vogel ∞ 1−σ 1−b 1+η i Ct+i γ Mt+i Nt+i max U = Et β + − χ , (9) U 1 − σ 1 − b Pt i 1+ η i=0 " + # X where Ct is the composite consumption good as in equation (1), Nt is time i devoted to employment, hence 1−Nt is leisure, β is the exponential discount factor, 1 Mt/Pt are real money balances, and η = ψ , where ψ is the Frisch elasticity of labor supply. Since we use a CRRA utility function, the parameter σ gives the degree of relative risk aversion, and 1/σ the elasticity of intertemporal substitution. The household’s period-by-period budget constraint in real terms is given by: Mt Bt Wt Mt−1 Bt−1 C + + = N + +(1+ i − ) + Π (10) t P P P t P t 1 P t t t t t t Thus, the household can use his wealth in each period for consumption Ct, real money holdings Mt/Pt or for buying bonds Bt/Pt. His wealth consists of real wages Wt/Pt earned from labor Nt, real money holdings from the previous period Mt−1/Pt, the nominal interest gain from bond holdings from the previous period, (1 + it−1)(Bt−1/Pt), and from real profits received from firms, Πt. Then, maximizing (9)s.t. (10) by choosing Ct, Mt, Bt, and Nt via the Lagrangian ∞ 1−σ 1−b 1+η i Ct+i γ Mt+i Nt+i L = Et β + − χ 1 − σ 1 − b Pt i 1+ η i=0 " + # ∞ X Mt Bt Wt Mt−1 Bt−1 − λt Ct + + − Nt − − (1 + it−1) − Πt Pt Pt Pt Pt Pt i=0 X (11) gives the following FOCs: −σ −σ Ct : Ct − λt = 0 ⇔ λt = Ct (12) −σ −σ Ct+1 : Et βCt+1 − λt+1 = 0 ⇔ λt+1 = Et βCt+1 (13) λt (1 + it) B : − + E λ = 0 (14) t P t t+1 P t t+1 − M b λ 1 M : γ t − t + E λ = 0 (15) t P P t t+1 P t t t+1 W N : −χN η + t λ = 0 (16) t t P t t These conditions can be simplified further.