prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page i rethinking european union foreign policy prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page ii EUROPE IN CHANGE T C and E K already published The formation of Croatian national identity A centuries old dream . Committee governance in the European Union ₍₎ Theory and reform in the European Union, 2nd edition . , . , German policy-making and eastern enlargement of the EU during the Kohl era Managing the agenda . The European Union and the Cyprus conflict Modern conflict, postmodern union The time of European governance An introduction to post-Communist Bulgaria Political, economic and social transformation The new Germany and migration in Europe Turkey: facing a new millennium Coping with intertwined conflicts The road to the European Union, volume 2 Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania () The road to the European Union, volume 1 The Czech and Slovak Republics () Europe and civil society Movement coalitions and European governance Two tiers or two speeds? The European security order and the enlargement of the European Union and NATO () Recasting the European order Security architectures and economic cooperation The emerging Euro-Mediterranean system . . prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page iii Ben Tonra and Thomas Christiansen editors rethinking european union foreign policy Modern conflict, postmodern union Security architectures and economic cooperation MANCHESTER UNIVERSITY PRESS Manchester and New York distributed exclusively in the USA by Palgrave prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page iv Copyright © Manchester University Press 2004 While copyright in the volume as a whole is vested in Manchester University Press, copyright in individual chapters belongs to their respective authors. This electronic version has been made freely available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY- NC-ND) licence, which permits non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction provided the author(s) and Manchester University Press are fully cited and no modifications or adaptations are made. Details of the licence can be viewed at https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/ Published by Manchester University Press Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9NR, UK and Room 400, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010, USA www.manchesteruniversitypress.co.uk British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for ISBN 0 7190 6001 X hardback 0 7190 6002 8 paperback First published 2004 13121110090807060504 10987654321 perling, James. Recasting the European order : security architectures and economic cooperation / James Sperling and Emil Kirchner. p. cm.—(Europe in change) ISBN 0–7190–3986–X.—ISBN 0–7190–3987–8 1. Europe—Foreign economic relations. 2. International cooperation 3. Decommunization—Europe. 4. Economic security—Europe. 5. National security—Europes. I. Kirchner, Emil Joseph. II. Title. III. Series. HF1531.S684 1997 337.4—dc20 95–25061 CIP Typeset in Minion with Lithos by Northern Phototypesetting Co Ltd, Bolton Printed in Great Britain by CPI, Bath prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page v Contents Preface page vii Notes on contributors ix List of abbreviations xi 1 The study of EU foreign policy: between international relations and European studies Ben Tonra and Thomas Christiansen 1 2 Theorising the European Union’s foreign policy Knud Erik Jørgensen 10 3 International relations or European integration: is the CFSP sui generis? Jakob C. Øhrgaard 26 4 Foreign policy analysis and European foreign policy Brian White 45 5 Discourse analysis in the study of European foreign policy Henrik Larsen 62 6 Role identity and the Europeanisation of foreign policy: a political–cultural approach Lisbeth Aggestam 81 7 Interests, institutions and identities in the study of European foreign policy Adrian Hyde-Price 99 8 Theory and practice of multi-level foreign policy: the European union’s policy in the field of arms export controls Sibylle Bauer and Eric Remacle 114 9 Justifying EU foreign policy: the logics underpining EU enlargement Helene Sjursen and Karen E. Smith 126 Bibliography 142 Index 167 prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page vi prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page vii Preface The initial idea for this book arose from the discussions at a conference held at the University of Wales, Aberystwyth. This conference brought together scholars of Euro- pean integration, international relations and foreign policy analysis in order to exchange views on the ways in which the European Union’s evolving role in global politics could be conceptualised. The ensuing debates and discussions demonstrated not only that across disciplines and approaches different conceptualisations of the EU’s foreign policy existed, but also that a dialogue across these boundaries proved useful in furthering our under- standing of the nature of this particular beast. We decided that the next logical step would be a book project that brought these different perspectives together and contributed the particular insights from the study of EU foreign policy to the wider debate about different approaches to European integration. We have been fortunate that our enthusiasm in launching this venture was shared not only by the contributors to the volume, but also by others without whom this book would not have been published. The Department of International Relations facilitated the initial conference by awarding us a grant, and Steve Smith, then Head of the Depart- ment, was instrumental in helping us to get this project off the ground. Many colleagues in the Department contributed to the conference and helped to make it a success, but we would like to acknowledge in particular the organisational work done by Elaine Lowe. We are grateful for the support and encouragement which we received from Emil Kirchner, Series Co-Editor of Europe in Change, and Tony Mason, Commissioning Editor at Manchester University Press, from the moment the idea for the book was born until its publication. Efficient editorial assistance was provided by Susanne Kempe at the Department of International Relations in Aberystwyth. Above all we would like to thank the contributors to this volume who endured the usual suffering of chapter authors – first impossible deadlines, then unreasonable requests for revisions and finally a seemingly endless wait for the actual publication – without any complaints. We are grateful for their cooperation throughout this process, and we hope they – and the reader – share out satisfaction with the finished ‘product’. Ben Tonra, Dublin Thomas Christiansen, Maastricht prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page viii prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page ix Notes on contributors Lisbeth Aggestam is a PhD candidate in the Department of Political Science at the Univer- sity of Stockholm. Sibylle Bauer is a Researcher on the Export Control and Non-proliferation Project at the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI). She obtained her PhD from ULB, Brussels. Thomas Christiansen is Senior Lecturer at the European Institute of Public Administration, Maastricht. Adrian Hyde-Price is Professor of Politics and International Relations in the Department of Politics at the University of Leicester. Knud Erik Jørgensen is Professor of International Relations in the Department of Political Science at the University of Aarhus. Henrik Larsen is Associate Professor in the Institute for Political Science at the University of Copenhagen. Jakob Øhrgaard is an official in the European Commission, Luxembourg. Eric Remacle is Professor of International Relations and European Studies at the Institute for European Studies, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels. Helene Sjursen is Senior Researcher at the ARENA Programme at the University of Oslo. Karen Smith is Senior Lecturer in the Department of International Relations at the London School of Economics. Ben Tonra is Jean Monnet Professor of European Foreign, Security and Defence Policy and Academic Director of the Dublin European Institute at University College Dublin. Brian White is Professor of International Relations in the Department of Politics and Inter- national Studies at the University of Warwick. prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page x prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page xi List of abbreviations ASEAN Association of Southeast Asian Nations CDA critical discourse analysis CEEC Central and Eastern European countries CFSP Common Foreign and Security Policy COARM Council Working Group on Conventional Armaments COREPER Committee of Permanent Representatives COREU Group of European Correspondents EC European Communities ECJ European Court of Justice EDC European Defence Community EFP European foreign policy EFTA European Free Trade Association EMU European Monetary Union EP European Parliament EPC European political cooperation ESDP European Security and Defence Policy EU European Union FCO Foreign and Commonwealth Office of the United Kingdom FPA foreign policy analysis IGC intergovernmental conference IR international relations NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organisation OSCE Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe PSO peace support operation RAM rational actor model SEA Single European Act TEU Treaty of the European Union (Maastricht Treaty) TOA Treaty of Amsterdam UN United Nations USA United States of America WEU Western European Union WTO World Trade Organisation prelims 7/6/04 9:46 am Page xii chap 1 7/6/04 9:47 am Page 1 Ben Tonra and Thomas Christiansen 1 The study of EU foreign policy: between international relations and European studies The European Union’s foreign