>. ~ C C1J U +J ... V) ~ ..... IIlI aI .r-4 :c :::) ~ z I o CO) >. :cIIlI +J ...:::) C o C1J > :a E-t C1J ..c +J C c::n rlAl ~ rl ~ldrt: 1 ~I=OR uATln N ~ l u ... :JD Hautllber 1 Janua ry.June 20 0 2 ~ ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• m ••••••••• _-~ • • SOCIAL SCIENCE • • ~ INFORMATION • • • • • • • • • • • • Philippine Social Science Council : P.O. Box 205 UP Post Office, Diliman. Quezon City. 1101 May be opened for postal ins pection '-••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• -1 11 Ii r\ [I f.; ~i t gl l " '/ l,jI" i t {. \' II I Ji \ l (,I. ir) ISBN 0115-1160 THE PSSC SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION The PSSC Social Science Information is published twice a year by the Philippine Social Science Council (PSSC), with offices at PSSCenter, Commonwealth Avenue, Diliman, Quezon City; V.P. Post Office Box 205, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines. ' In line with the mandate of the PSSC, the PSSC Social Science Information seeks to promote the dissemination of social science knowledge and research findings and their use in public policy­ making. The views expressed by the authors do not necessarily reflect those of PSSC or the authors' institutions. Technical Assistance JOANNE B. AGBISIT, ISAGANI A. LACHICA, ELVIRA S. ANGELES Cover Design ARIEL MANUEL Circulation MILAGROS J. TOLENTiNO, ERNESTO S. ACmiTA ALL RIGHTS RESE~¥nD Proper acknowledgements should be given to quotes taken from this publication. • • SOCIAL SCIENCE INFORMATION • VOLUME 30 NUMBER 1 JANUARY - JUNE 2002 Welcome Remarks CAYETANO W. PADERANGA JR. 1 Opening Address BENJAMIN V. CARINO 3 LECTURE: 1 The State of Our Global Environmental Security 5 BEN S. MALAYANG III Reaction to the Paper 21 J.R. NEREUS O. ACOSTA LECTURE 2 Philippine Terrestrial and Water Resource Management: Policy Shifts for SustainableDevelopment 26 RAMON J.P. PAJE Reactions to the Paper CANDIDO A. CABRIDO 34 MARY MAl A. FLOR 37 RHODORA V. AZANZA 41 LECTURE 3 Food Security in the 21st Century 44 ARSENIO M. BALISACAN Reactions to the Paper EVELYN MAE T. MENDOZA 51 ROBERTO VERZOLA 55 LECTURE 4 Urban Life in the 21st Century: Prospects and Challenges 66 GERONIMO V. MANAHAN Reactions to the Paper ASTEYA M. SANTIAGO 72 JOSE DANILO A. SILVESTRE 76 LECTURE 5 ] Managing Metro Manila as a Megacity 1,1 in the 21st Century: Challenges and Innovations 80 JEJOMAR C. BINAY J Reaction to the Paper 87 -., BENJAMIN V. CARINO I, \ ,- ABBREVIATIONS. 89 CONTRIBUTORS 91 Welcome Remarks CAYETANO W. PADERANGAJR. It is my pleasure to welcome each one of you Compared to 30, 15 or even two to five years ago, I ItO this inaugural lecture of the Philippine Social national conditions have changed and continue to Science Council (pSSC) and the UP School of Urban change. Social scientists are again challenged to promote and Regional Planning (SURP) Public Lecture Series. I public lectures that would make a difference-lectures should mention that some 30 years ago, when it was that will affirm the social sciences' role and first established, the PSSC also sponsored several public responsibility to study and provide some understanding fora and lectures on a range of social, cultural, of the complex responses and processes of human economic, and political topics-but largely in the societies and to disseminate their knowledge of these tradition of social scientific and academic discussions to help develop effective and equitable public policies. where lour social scientists would present the results of Today's social science public lectures cannot involve their latest studies or research work to an audience of only social scientists and academics, but also social fellow social science scholars, teachers and students. development practitioners, policy-makers, and a wider But reflecting on the responsiveness of the Council segment of the public. Even as social scientists draw to the sociopolitical and economic changes in national heavily on their skills and the rigor of their academic life, the nature of the PSSC public lectures and fora disciplines in discussing today's issues, we also also changed in the mid 1980-towards supporting and envision the promotion of intellectual exchanges catalyzing specific movements, programs and policies among them, social practitioners and the public; and that were thought to advance the development of that this interactive process would further the democratic and egalitarian processes in the country. generation of new insights and ideas. It is in A Social Issues Committee (SICom) was in fact promoting reason and excellence in public discourse i.created within PSSC precisely to ensure that social and discussions that we can hope also to promote [scientists became involved in the so-called "burning informed and enlightened social programs and lissues of the day." Several such SICom fora were policies. Iconvenedin the mid- and late 1980sand soon, it became I am hopeful that this public lecture series which ldifficult to draw the line between the "explanation or we are inaugurating this afternoon, will mark a new lexplanarory" value of social science work and the phase in PSSC's and the social sciences' involvement simplistic use of the social sciences as tools for in social policymaking-one in which social scientists advocating one or the other side of social policy. are more deeply aware of their own roles and Interestingly, by the early and mid-1990s, responsibilities and of the importance of their 'r.mendance in the lectures/fora under the SICom had partnership with policymakers and responsiveness also begun to decline, perhaps because of the rise of to the public's concerns. several other fora for public discussions as the Welcome again and we hope to see you in the ~biquitous"kapihan" sponsored by various groups and succeeding lectures of our series. Thank you very much organizations and covered extensively by the media, and good afternoon. particularly television. 1 Opening Address BENJAMIN v. CARINO et me just join Dr. Paderanga in welcoming and policy issues. I think that the importance of this L you all to this year's public lecture series. The year's theme "environmental security" cannot be public lecture seriesis actually a regular and continuing overemphasized in the light of research findings which program of the UP-SURP. Beyond the graduate show that while economic growth in the Philippines education research,consultancy and short-term training has resulted somewhat in a reduction in poverty, it program of the school, we conduct this public lecture has also at the same time led to a fast deterioration series every year as a means of improving public of our environment. I think that it is no exaggeration awareness of issues in planning and development, a to say that environmental problems in this country means: of information dissemination, and in general to have reached alarming proportions. In terms of urban provide a forum for discussion and debate on various environmental problems for example, I think the issues:in planning and development. This is the first recent Payatas disaster is probably a grim and stark time, however, that we are cosponsoring this public reminder for all of us that we have not done much lecture series with the PSSC, and I _certainly welcome in terms of dealing with our urban environmental this opportunity for SURP to be working with the problems. PSSC. 1 would like to thank the working committee You will note that this lecture series covers both headed by Virginia Miralao, Lorna Makil, Dickton Rye the so-called natural and green environment as well as and Rosario Jimenez who have worked hard in the built and brown environment. I suppose the lecture launching this public lecture series. I think that the of Dean Ben Malayang today would provide us with I partnership with the PSSC in many ways broadens the an overall perspective (I understand that he will talk \audience of this public lecture series to include our about global environmental security instead of colleagues in the social science disciplines. Truth to say Philippine environmental security). But in general, I that while this is a public lecture series, which means suppose we would be moving from the so-called natural that this is open to the public, in previous years, we ecosystem to the built ecosystem, ending with our most have traditionally been targeting or traditionally familiar habitat-the Metropolitan Manila. There ajttractedprofessional planners, and representatives of would be plenty of occasions in this lecture series in rlarious national government agencies and local which we would discussthe linkages between these two pbvernment units and of course our students and ecosystems. Certainly, I think that we should not and alumni but only a sprinkling of representatives from we could not treat them as independent ecosystems. I '1J.e various social science disciplines. think that the developments and actions in one I I think that we are going to have a very interesting ecosystem will certainly have impacts on the other tb.d timely lecture series focused as it is on ecosystem. ~ryvironmental security in the 21st century. In many And so, it is on this note that I welcome you all. I :r~Ys, this public lecture seriesextends the SURP public join Dr. Paderanga in welcoming you once again, and lr~ture series last year which was more focused on let me reiterate our pleasure in having you all with us :trthodological issues and approaches in environmental this afternoon and for future lecture series to come. I :tU social impact assessment. I suppose this year, our look forward indeed to a very productive and fruitful p \ blic lecture serieswill be more focusedon substantive public lecture series with you. 3 .1 The State of Our Global Environmental Security BEN S. MALAYANG ill INTRODUCTION n It has 1.4 billion cubic kilometer of fresh and sea water on its surface, and millions more nvironmental security refers to the freedom underground and in the sky in the form of clouds from threats to life, lifestyles, health, or to E (which are really "oceans temporarily on loan to property and well-being, that are due to ecological stress the atmosphere" Edberg 1998).