Pest Management Evaluation December, 2003 CITRUS IN CALIFORNIA CROP PROFILE CITRUS IN CALIFORNIA December 2003 California Citrus Quality Council Citrus Research Board Our sincere thanks to the California Department of Food & Agriculture’s Buy California Initiative, and the USDA, who provided the majority of the funding for this project. TABLE OF CONTENTS TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.......................................................................................................... 4 PRODUCTION FACTS ............................................................................................................. 11 CULTURAL PRACTICES ........................................................................................................ 13 PESTS OF CALIFORNIA CITRUS ......................................................................................... 15 PRIMARY INSECT PESTS ...................................................................................................... 16 CALIFORNIA RED SCALE ......................................................................................... 16 CITRUS THRIPS............................................................................................................ 19 CITRUS CUTWORM.................................................................................................... 21 CITRUS RED MITE ...................................................................................................... 22 BROWN GARDEN SNAIL ........................................................................................... 26 FULLER ROSE BEETLE ............................................................................................. 27 BLACK SCALE .............................................................................................................. 28 CITRICOLA SCALE..................................................................................................... 30 COTTONY CUSHION SCALE .................................................................................... 31 AMORBIA (WESTERN AVOCADO LEAFROLLER)............................................. 33 WESTERN TUSSOCK MOTH..................................................................................... 34 BROAD MITE ................................................................................................................ 36 CITRUS FLAT MITE.................................................................................................... 37 CITRUS RUST MITE (SILVER MITE)...................................................................... 38 YUMA SPIDER MITE................................................................................................... 39 ARGENTINE ANTS....................................................................................................... 40 NATIVE GRAY ANTS................................................................................................... 41 SOUTHERN FIRE ANTS .............................................................................................. 42 KATYDIDS ..................................................................................................................... 43 MEALYBUGS ................................................................................................................. 44 WHITEFLIES ................................................................................................................. 46 GREENHOUSE THRIPS .............................................................................................. 47 FRUITTREE LEAFROLLER....................................................................................... 48 BROWN SOFT SCALE ................................................................................................. 50 POTATO LEAFHOPPER ............................................................................................. 51 PURPLE SCALE ............................................................................................................ 52 BEET ARMYWORM..................................................................................................... 53 CALIFORNIA ORANGEDOG..................................................................................... 54 LOOPERS........................................................................................................................ 55 OMNIVOROUS LEAFROLLER.................................................................................. 55 ORANGE TORTRIX ..................................................................................................... 57 SCAVENGER CATERPILLAR ................................................................................... 58 SIXSPOTTED MITE...................................................................................................... 59 TWOSPOTTED SPIDER MITE................................................................................... 60 APHIDS............................................................................................................................ 61 GLASSY-WINGED SHARPSHOOTER...................................................................... 62 2 CITRUS PEELMINER .................................................................................................. 64 CITRUS LEAFMINER .................................................................................................. 65 NEMATODES ............................................................................................................................. 66 CITRUS NEMATODE................................................................................................... 66 SHEATH NEMATODE ................................................................................................. 66 PRIMARY DISEASES ............................................................................................................... 68 PHYTOPHTHORA ROOT ROT.................................................................................. 68 ARMILLARIA ROOT ROT ......................................................................................... 70 BROWN ROT ................................................................................................................. 71 SEPTORIA SPOT........................................................................................................... 72 STUBBORN DISEASE.................................................................................................. 73 TRISTEZA DISEASE COMPLEX............................................................................... 73 SECONDARY DISEASES ......................................................................................................... 74 BOTRYTIS ROT ............................................................................................................ 74 PHYTOPHTHORA GUMMOSIS ................................................................................ 74 DRY ROOT ROT ........................................................................................................... 76 EXOCORTIS................................................................................................................... 77 PSOROSIS....................................................................................................................... 78 BACTERIAL BLAST..................................................................................................... 78 WEEDS ........................................................................................................................................ 80 VERTEBRATE PESTS .............................................................................................................. 83 POCKET GOPHER ....................................................................................................... 83 CALIFORNIA GROUND SQUIRREL........................................................................ 84 TREE SQUIRREL.......................................................................................................... 84 MEADOW MICE ........................................................................................................... 85 BLACK-TAILED JACKRABBIT ................................................................................ 86 RAT .................................................................................................................................. 86 DEER................................................................................................................................ 87 COYOTE ......................................................................................................................... 87 POST HARVEST PESTS........................................................................................................... 88 GREEN MOLD and BLUE MOLD .............................................................................. 88 SOUR ROT...................................................................................................................... 90 ALTERNARIA ROT ...................................................................................................... 92 OTHER POST-HARVEST DISEASES........................................................................ 93 PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ........................................................................................ 94