Tasar Value Chain Analysis Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Central Silk Board (CSB) & Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Study commissioned by Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, Central Silk Board (CSB), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, and PRADAN Study conducted by Soumik Banerjee Sundarpahari Godda-814156, Jharkhand April 2016 Cover photo Top left - Raily, male and female moths at Topar, Bastar district Top right - Raily Pagoda at Lendra at Bastar district Bottom left - Spun yarn production at Bijna, Raigarh district Bottom right - Thigh reeled yarn and tasar fabric, Raigarh district Copyright © April 2017 Printed and published by: Central Silk Board, Bangalore and PRADAN Design of the study template and special inputs by: Dr. K. Sathyanarayana, Central Silk Board Md. Shamshad Alam, PRADAN Disclaimer Central Silk Board (CSB) or PRADAN do not make any warranty, either express or implied, or assume any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, or any third party’s use or the results of such use of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed of the information contained herein or represent that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. The views and opinions of the authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the CSB/ PRADAN. While every effort has been made to ensure the correctness of data/information used in this report, neither the authors nor CSB/ PRADAN accept any legal liability for the accuracy or inferences drawn from the material contained therein or for any consequences arising from the use of this material. The information pertaining to facts and data presented in this study are dated as specified, and CSB/PRADAN are not responsible or liable for any misimpressions that may result from the reading of dated material.Text from this document can be quoted provided the source is acknowledged. 2 Tasar Value Chain Analysis Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Central Silk Board (CSB) & Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) 2 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Table of Contents Chapter Chapter title Page number number Foreword 5 Executive Summary 6 1 Introduction 9 2 Methodology 14 3 Cocoon Production 15 4 Yarn Conversion 81 5 Value Chain Analysis 108 6 Conclusion and 124 Recommendations References 126 Acknowledgements 127 List of Respondents 128 3 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) 4 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Foreword It is heartening to note that the tasar culture is drawing attention from various stakeholders in recent times, with its potential to achieve many of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) defined by the United Nations, leading to creation of sustainable livelihood opportunities. One such major convergence initiatives is a project under Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP)-NTFP for the ‘Promotion of Large Scale Tasar Sericulture-based Livelihoods in the state of Chhattisgarh’ coordinated by the Central Silk Board (CSB), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India and co-funded by the Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, and implemented by the NGO, Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN) since October 2013. The ‘Silk Value Chain’ concept considers the manner in which value is added along the chain, both to the product/service and the actors involved. From a sustainability perspective, ‘Silk Value Chain’ has more appeal, since it explicitly refers to internal and external stakeholders in the value-creation process viz., production, processing and marketing along with linkages amongst different nodes of the value chain. Further, developing a state-wise Value Chain Analysis (VCA) of the tasar sub- sector and devising an action plan for a suitable role of the intervening organisation across the major tasar states will help towards sustenance of the value chain players and activities. I am happy that the much awaited silk value chain analysis studies have been taken up under these projects, which will bring out constraints and opportunities faced by the various stakeholders placed at different location/nodes of the chain to review current policies, identify limitations and barriers with focus on subsidies and pricing and suggest possible areas of convergence and the need for advocacy to facilitate the tasar sub-sector. I appreciate the efforts of Dr. K. Sathyanarayana, Scientist-D & Project Coordinator, CSB, and Mr. Mohd. Shamshad Alam, Integrator-Tasar, PRADAN, in coordinating the study and bringing out this publication, ‘Tasar Value Chain Analysis: Chhattisgarh’. I also thank Mr. Soumik Banerjee who carried out the study and all the partners for their cooperation during the study. I strongly hope that this document will help the state government to review current policies and strengthen the areas of convergence towards the socio-economic upliftment of the participating families in the tasar sector. I extend my best wishes for the successful implementation of the tasar projects for the benefit of the tribal communities of India. Dr. H. Nagesh Prabhu, I.F.S Member Secretary Central Silk Board Place: Bangalore Date: 01.05.2017 5 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Executive Summary Documenting the current status of tasar cocoon and yarn production systems and the state of value chain in principal clusters, the Tasar Value Chain Analysis (VCA) for the state of Chhattisgarh aims to understand the scope and present limitations towards developing a robust action plan for the ongoing ‘Promotion of Large-scale Tasar Sericulture-based Livelihoods in Chhattisgarh’ project. The project falls under Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) which is a subcomponent of National Rural Livelihood Mission (NRLM) of Ministry of Rural Development (Government of India). The study was conducted in the principal tasar clusters of Bastar, Bilaspur and Raigarh districts. The study involved a combination of field surveys and secondary literature review, where the field surveys formed the primary data for analysis while the secondary literature review provided an understanding of the tasar sub-sector as a whole. This involved discussions and interviews with key informants and resource persons and visits to villages, rearing plots, grainages, cooperative societies, village markets, weaver clusters, outlets, export houses, resource institutions, experts, practitioners, processing units, etc. Based on the data, a value chain analysis and sub-sector mapping of activities of various actors was carried out to determine the value added and margins of different actors. A price spread analysis was carried out, from the rearing of basic disease-free laying (DFL) to the production of reeled yarn. The study then moved on to develop a constraint and SWOT analysis of the tasar sub-sector. Finally, based on the analysis and assessments, certain broad interventions have been suggested for the implementing organisation. The study was commissioned by Central Silk Board (CSB), Ministry of Textiles, Government of India, Ministry of Rural Development, Government of India, and Professional Assistance for Development Action (PRADAN), the field implementing agency for MKSP project. 6 Tasar Value Chain Analysis – Chhattisgarh Mahila Kisan Sashaktikaran Pariyojana (MKSP) Key findings Key findings of the value chain analysis are presented in Table E1 below: Families engaged in tasar livelihoods 95,870 (2015-16) Average production 254 MT (2015-16) Principal production clusters Raigarh, Korba, Bilaspur and Bastar Eco-races Daba trivoltine (TV) and bivoltine (BV), Raily, Mandla Available plantations Bastar - 850 ha, Raigarh - 1,813 ha, State - 15,081 ha, PRADAN - 196 ha Basic seeds BV Bastar - 71,800, Raigarh - 1,80,000, PRADAN - 17,400 , State - 7.13 lakh Seed rearers Bastar - 300, R aigarh - 495, PRADAN - 152, State - 1,835 Seed cocoon production BV: Bastar - 8.77 lakh, Raigarh - 17.24 lakh, PRADAN - 2.67 lakh , State - ~ 1 crore Basic DFL : Seed cocoon (BV) Bastar - 12, Raigarh - 10, PRADAN - 15, State - 15 Commercial private grainage Bastar - 18, Raigarh - 62, PRADAN - 25, State - 293 Commercial DFLs BV: Bastar - 1.4 lakh, Raigarh - 4.4 lakh, PRADAN - 32,800, State - 14.53 lakh Commercial rearers Bastar - 800, Raigarh - 1,805, PRADAN - 399, State - 10,935 Commercial cocoons BV: Bastar - 11.44 lakh, Raigarh - 23.89 lakh, PRADAN - 7.23 lakh, State - 1.74 crore Commercial DFL : Cocoon ratio (BV) 1:22 Mean Lifting Price of DoS* per A - Rs 2.5, B - Rs 1.44, C - Rs 1.08, D - Rs 0.72, flimsy - Rs 0.30, pierced A - Rs 0.71, B - cocoon Rs 0.60, C - Rs 0.44, D - Rs 0.27 Cocoon to yarn conversion Daba Grade C MRTM (Motorised Reeling & Twisting Machine) reeled - 1,333 cocoons to 1 kg reeled yarn (RY) Flimsy machine spun 3,000 Daba cocoons to 1 kg spun yarn (SY) Families engaged in post-cocoon Bastar - ~ 55, Raigarh - ~ 500, Seoni-Champa - ~ 350 activities Reelers in DoS centres Bastar - 40, Raigarh - 290, State - 952 Yarn produced in principal DoS Bastar - 340 kg (RY), 188 kg (SY);Raigarh – 1,396 kg (RY), 2,993 kg (SY); centres State - 7,659 kg (RY) and 6,174 kg