Document of The World Bank FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Public Disclosure Authorized Report No: ICR00004859 IMPLEMENTATION COMPLETION AND RESULTS REPORT TF017362 ON A GRANT Public Disclosure Authorized IN THE AMOUNT OF US$ 5.76 MILLION TO THE Government of Tunisia FOR THE TN-OASES ECOSYSTEMS AND LIVELIHOODS PROJECT ( P132157 ) Public Disclosure Authorized 18 May 2020 Environment & Natural Resources Global Practice Middle East And North Africa Region Public Disclosure Authorized CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS Exchange Rate Effective Mrach 19, 20120 Currency Unit = Tunisian Dinar (TND) 2.91 TND = US$1 0.34 US$ = 1 TND FISCAL YEAR July 1 - June 30 Regional Vice President: Ferid Belhaj Country Director: Jesko S. Hentschel Regional Director: Ayat Soliman Practice Manager: Lia Carol Sieghart Task Team Leader(s): Taoufiq Bennouna ICR Main Contributor: Taoufiq Bennouna ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS AP Action Plan APIOS Improvement of Irrigation in Southern Oases Program BP Bank Procedure CPF Country Partnership Framework CRRAO Regional Center for Research in Oasis Agriculture CRDA Regional Commission for Agricultural Development CSO Civil Society Organisation DGEQV General Directorate for Environment and Quality of Life ESMF Environmental and Social Management Framework ERR Economic Rate of Return GDA Agricultural Development Group GEF Global Environment Facility INRM Integrated Natural Resource Management IRA Institute of Arid Regions ISN Interim Strategic Note LD Land Degradation LDN Land Degradation Neutrality MALE Ministry of Local Affairs and Environment MENA DELP Middle East and North Africa Desert Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project MENARID Integrated Natural Resources Management in MNA METMSD Ministry of Equipment, Territorial Management, and Sustainable Development MNA Middle East and North Africa Region MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoE Ministry of Environment MoT Ministry of Tourism MSME Micro, Small and Medium Enterprise MTR Mid-Term Review M&E Monitoring and Evaluation NGO Non-governmental organization NDCs Nationally Determined Contributions NPV Net Present Value ONTT Authority for Tunisian Tourism OP Operational Policy PDO Project Development Objective PDPO Oasis Participatory Development Plan PLR Performance and Learning Review PMU Project Management Unit SLWM Sustainable Land & Water Management TOC Theory of Change TOELP Tunisia Oasis Ecosystem and Livelihoods Project UNCCD United Nations Convention to Combat Desertification WBG World Bank Group TABLE OF CONTENTS DATA SHEET ....................................................................... ERROR! BOOKMARK NOT DEFINED. I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES ....................................................... 5 A. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL .........................................................................................................5 B. SIGNIFICANT CHANGES DURING IMPLEMENTATION (IF APPLICABLE) .......................................9 II. OUTCOME .................................................................................................................... 10 A. RELEVANCE OF PDOs ............................................................................................................ 10 C. EFFICIENCY ........................................................................................................................... 14 D. JUSTIFICATION OF OVERALL OUTCOME RATING .................................................................... 16 E. OTHER OUTCOMES AND IMPACTS (IF ANY) ............................................................................ 17 III. KEY FACTORS THAT AFFECTED IMPLEMENTATION AND OUTCOME ................................ 18 A. KEY FACTORS DURING PREPARATION ................................................................................... 18 B. KEY FACTORS DURING IMPLEMENTATION ............................................................................. 19 IV. BANK PERFORMANCE, COMPLIANCE ISSUES, AND RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME .. 20 A. QUALITY OF M&E ................................................................................................................. 20 B. ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND FIDUCIARY COMPLIANCE ..................................................... 20 C. BANK PERFORMANCE ........................................................................................................... 22 D. RISK TO DEVELOPMENT OUTCOME ............................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. V. LESSONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ............................................................................. 23 ANNEX 1. RESULTS FRAMEWORK AND KEY OUTPUTS ........................................................... 25 ANNEX 2. BANK LENDING AND IMPLEMENTATION SUPPORT/SUPERVISION ......................... 37 ANNEX 3. PROJECT COST BY COMPONENT ........................................................................... 39 ANNEX 4. EFFICIENCY ANALYSIS ........................................................................................... 40 ANNEX 5. SUMMURY OF BORROWER, CO-FINANCIER AND OTHER PARTNER/STAKEHOLDER COMMENTS......................................................................................................................... 44 ANNEX 6. SUPPORTING DOCUMENTS (IF ANY) ..................................................................... 46 The World Bank TN-Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project ( P132157 ) DATA SHEET BASIC INFORMATION Product Information Project ID Project Name P132157 TN-Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project Country Financing Instrument Tunisia Investment Project Financing Original EA Category Revised EA Category Partial Assessment (B) Organizations Borrower Implementing Agency General Directorate for the Environment and Quality of Government of Tunisia Life Project Development Objective (PDO) Original PDO The Project Development Objective/Global Environmental Objective is to improve sustainable natural resources management andpromotelivelihoods diversification in the selected oases. PDO as stated in the legal agreement The original Project Development Objective / Global Environmental Objective is to improve sustainable natural resources management and promote livelihoods diversification in the selected oases. Page 1 of 46 The World Bank TN-Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project ( P132157 ) FINANCING Original Amount (US$) Revised Amount (US$) Actual Disbursed (US$) World Bank Financing 5,760,730 5,760,730 5,758,522 TF-17362 Total 5,760,730 5,760,730 5,758,522 Non-World Bank Financing 0 0 0 Borrower/Recipient 0 0 0 Total 0 0 0 Total Project Cost 5,760,730 5,760,730 5,758,522 KEY DATES Approval Effectiveness MTR Review Original Closing Actual Closing 11-Jun-2014 04-Aug-2014 28-Jun-2017 30-Nov-2019 30-Nov-2019 RESTRUCTURING AND/OR ADDITIONAL FINANCING Date(s) Amount Disbursed (US$M) Key Revisions KEY RATINGS Outcome Bank Performance M&E Quality Highly Satisfactory Satisfactory Substantial RATINGS OF PROJECT PERFORMANCE IN ISRs Actual No. Date ISR Archived DO Rating IP Rating Disbursements (US$M) 01 31-Oct-2014 Satisfactory Satisfactory 0 02 12-Feb-2015 Satisfactory Satisfactory .60 03 21-Aug-2015 Satisfactory Satisfactory .60 Page 2 of 46 The World Bank TN-Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project ( P132157 ) 04 23-Feb-2016 Satisfactory Satisfactory 1.29 05 06-Sep-2016 Satisfactory Satisfactory 2.14 06 04-Nov-2016 Satisfactory Satisfactory 2.43 07 10-May-2017 Satisfactory Satisfactory 3.35 08 26-Nov-2017 Satisfactory Satisfactory 3.82 09 22-May-2018 Highly Satisfactory Highly Satisfactory 4.31 10 28-Nov-2018 Highly Satisfactory Highly Satisfactory 5.03 11 31-May-2019 Highly Satisfactory Highly Satisfactory 5.76 SECTORS AND THEMES Sectors Major Sector/Sector (%) Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry 67 Other Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry 67 Water, Sanitation and Waste Management 33 Other Water Supply, Sanitation and Waste 33 Management Themes Major Theme/ Theme (Level 2)/ Theme (Level 3) (%) Urban and Rural Development 0 Rural Development 5 Land Administration and Management 5 Page 3 of 46 The World Bank TN-Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project ( P132157 ) Environment and Natural Resource Management 0 Environmental Health and Pollution Management 21 Air quality management 7 Water Pollution 7 Soil Pollution 7 Renewable Natural Resources Asset Management 47 Biodiversity 47 Water Resource Management 26 Water Institutions, Policies and Reform 26 Private Sector Development 100 Jobs 100 ADM STAFF Role At Approval At ICR Vice President: Inger Andersen Ferid Belhaj Country Director: Neil Simon M. Gray Jesko S. Hentschel Director: Junaid Kamal Ahmad Karin Erika Kemper Practice Manager/Manager: Charles Joseph Cormier Lia Carol Sieghart Project Team Leader: Taoufiq Bennouna Taoufiq Bennouna ICR Co Author: Taoufiq Bennouna Page 4 of 46 The World Bank TN-Oases Ecosystems and Livelihoods Project ( P132157 ) I. PROJECT CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OBJECTIVES A. CONTEXT AT APPRAISAL Context 1. Country context: Tunisia was one of the fastest growing economies in the Middle East and North Africa (MNA) region and had invested substantially in key social sectors before the recent global financial crisis and political revolution unfolded. Tunisia has made good progress in fighting poverty, however, strong regional disparities, long hidden, were a contributory cause to the revolution. The social demands came mainly from remote areas where poverty and unemployment rates are high. Tunisian oases cover 40,803 ha of Tunisia’s land area and are home to 10% of the total Tunisian population. Three types of oases are found: Littoral