U.S.–RUSSIAN COOPERATION IN SPACE HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED EIGHTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JUNE 11, 2003 Serial No. 108–25 Printed for the use of the Committee on Science ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.house.gov/science U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 87–546PS WASHINGTON : 2004 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:27 Feb 14, 2004 Jkt 087546 PO 00000 Frm 00001 Fmt 5011 Sfmt 5011 C:\WORKD\SA03\061103\87546 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE HON. SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York, Chairman LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas RALPH M. HALL, Texas CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania BART GORDON, Tennessee DANA ROHRABACHER, California JERRY F. COSTELLO, Illinois JOE BARTON, Texas EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas KEN CALVERT, California LYNN C. WOOLSEY, California NICK SMITH, Michigan NICK LAMPSON, Texas ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut VERNON J. EHLERS, Michigan MARK UDALL, Colorado GIL GUTKNECHT, Minnesota DAVID WU, Oregon GEORGE R. NETHERCUTT, JR., MICHAEL M. HONDA, California Washington CHRIS BELL, Texas FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma BRAD MILLER, North Carolina JUDY BIGGERT, Illinois LINCOLN DAVIS, Tennessee WAYNE T. GILCHREST, Maryland SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas W. TODD AKIN, Missouri ZOE LOFGREN, California TIMOTHY V. JOHNSON, Illinois BRAD SHERMAN, California MELISSA A. HART, Pennsylvania BRIAN BAIRD, Washington JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma DENNIS MOORE, Kansas J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York PHIL GINGREY, Georgia JIM MATHESON, Utah ROB BISHOP, Utah DENNIS A. CARDOZA, California MICHAEL C. BURGESS, Texas VACANCY JO BONNER, Alabama TOM FEENEY, Florida RANDY NEUGEBAUER, Texas SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS DANA ROHRABACHER, California, Chairman LAMAR S. SMITH, Texas BART GORDON, Tennessee CURT WELDON, Pennsylvania JOHN B. LARSON, Connecticut JOE BARTON, Texas CHRIS BELL, Texas KEN CALVERT, California NICK LAMPSON, Texas ROSCOE G. BARTLETT, Maryland MARK UDALL, Colorado GEORGE R. NETHERCUTT, JR., DAVID WU, Oregon Washington EDDIE BERNICE JOHNSON, Texas FRANK D. LUCAS, Oklahoma SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas JOHN SULLIVAN, Oklahoma BRAD SHERMAN, California J. RANDY FORBES, Virginia DENNIS MOORE, Kansas ROB BISHOP, Utah ANTHONY D. WEINER, New York MICHAEL BURGESS, Texas VACANCY JO BONNER, Alabama RALPH M. HALL, Texas TOM FEENEY, Florida SHERWOOD L. BOEHLERT, New York BILL ADKINS Subcommittee Staff Director ED FEDDEMAN Professional Staff Member RUBEN VAN MITCHELL Professional Staff Member KEN MONROE Professional Staff Member CHRIS SHANK Professional Staff Member RICHARD OBERMANN Democratic Professional Staff Member TOM HAMMOND Staff Assistant (II) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:27 Feb 14, 2004 Jkt 087546 PO 00000 Frm 00002 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\SA03\061103\87546 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 C O N T E N T S June 11, 2003 Page Witness List ............................................................................................................. 2 Hearing Charter ...................................................................................................... 6 Opening Statements Statement by Representative Dana Rohrabacher, Chairman, Subcommittee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Represent- atives ..................................................................................................................... 3 Statement by Representative Bart Gordon, Minority Ranking Member, Sub- committee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 4 Statement by Representative Sherwood Boehlert, Chairman, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ............................................................. 5 Prepared Statement by Representative Eddie Bernice Johnson, Member, Sub- committee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 52 Prepared Statement by Representative Sheila Jackson Lee, Member, Sub- committee on Space and Aeronautics, Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives ................................................................................................ 55 Panel: Mr. John D. Schumacher, NASA Assistant Administrator for External Rela- tions Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 25 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 27 Mr. Robert M. Davis, President and CEO, California Space Authority Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 29 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 30 Mr. Henry D. Sokolski, Executive Director, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center Oral Statement ................................................................................................. 34 Written Statement ............................................................................................ 36 Biography .......................................................................................................... 37 Ambassador Steven Pifer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, State Department Written Statement ............................................................................................ 38 Discussion Iran Nonproliferation Act .................................................................................... 40 Partnerships Between U.S. and Russian Companies ........................................ 41 Russian Support for the International Space Station ....................................... 43 Proliferation Issues .............................................................................................. 47 Reliance on Russia While the Shuttle Fleet Is Grounded ................................ 50 European Participation and Contributions to the ISS ...................................... 51 Status of Russian Economy ................................................................................. 53 Russian Political Changes ................................................................................... 53 Dependence on Russian Support to ISS ............................................................. 54 Russian Commitments to Support the ISS ........................................................ 55 Safety of the Russian Soyuz Vehicle .................................................................. 58 Technology Transfer ............................................................................................ 58 (III) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:27 Feb 14, 2004 Jkt 087546 PO 00000 Frm 00003 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\SA03\061103\87546 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 IV Page U.S.–Russian Rocket Engine Technology Investment ....................................... 60 Russian Budget Commitments for Progress and Soyuz Vehicles .................... 61 U.S.–Russian Relations ....................................................................................... 63 Clarification on Russia’s Commitment to ISS ................................................... 65 Appendix 1: Answers to Post-Hearing Questions Mr. John D. Schumacher, NASA Assistant Administrator for External Rela- tions ....................................................................................................................... 68 Mr. Robert M. Davis, President and CEO, California Space Authority .............. 75 Mr. Henry D. Sokolski, Executive Director, Nonproliferation Policy Education Center .................................................................................................................... 77 Ambassador Steven Pifer, Deputy Assistant Secretary of State, Bureau of European and Eurasian Affairs, State Department .......................................... 79 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:27 Feb 14, 2004 Jkt 087546 PO 00000 Frm 00004 Fmt 5904 Sfmt 5904 C:\WORKD\SA03\061103\87546 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 U.S.–RUSSIAN COOPERATION IN SPACE WEDNESDAY, JUNE 11, 2003 HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, SUBCOMMITTEE ON SPACE AND AERONAUTICS, COMMITTEE ON SCIENCE, Washington, DC. The Subcommittee met, pursuant to call, at 2:09 p.m., in Room 2318 of the Rayburn House Office Building, Hon. Dana Rohr- abacher [Chairman of the Subcommittee] presiding. (1) VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:27 Feb 14, 2004 Jkt 087546 PO 00000 Frm 00005 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6633 C:\WORKD\SA03\061103\87546 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 2 VerDate 11-MAY-2000 21:27 Feb 14, 2004 Jkt 087546 PO 00000 Frm 00006 Fmt 6633 Sfmt 6602 C:\WORKD\SA03\061103\87546 SCIENCE1 PsN: SCIENCE1 3 Chairman ROHRABACHER. I apologize for keeping us a little late here. We have had a little bit of a glitch in terms of who was will- ing to testify and who is not willing to testify, so—but I hereby call this meeting of the Space and Aeronautics Subcommittee to order. And without objection, the Chair will be granted the authority to recess this meeting at any time. Hearing no objection. Last week, in St. Petersburg, President Bush and Russian Presi- dent Putin issued a joint statement