o The Concept of Developed Sociolism Topical Aspects of African Development History Periodisation Criteria r On Reading Einstein I i' Structural Analysis in the Humanities Linguistics, Psychology^ Psycholinguistics A quarterly of the Section of the Social Sciences, USSR Academy of Sciences. Founded in 1970. Published in Moscow in English, and also in French, Sciences Sociales; in German, Gesselschaftswissenschaften; in Spanish, Ciencias Sociales; and in Portuguese, Ciencias Sociais The journal is published by agreement: in Bengali, Samaj Bijnan (Bingsha Shatabdi Publishers, Calcutta, India); in Japanese, Shakai Kagaku (Shakai Kagaku Co., Tokyo, Japan) in Greek, Kinonikes epistemes (Planet Publishers, Athens, Greece); in Arabic, Al Ulatn al-ljtima'itja (Dar al-Farabi Publishers, Beirut, Lebanon); in Portuguese ("Avante!" Publishers, Lisbon, put out the edition for circulation in Portugal). The Spanish edition is reprinted in Colombia by Centro de Estudios e ihvestigaciones Sociales (CEIS) Publishers, Bogota. * Since 1976 the Editorial Board has been publishing the journal Obshchestvennie nauki (Social Sciences) in Russian. It appears six times a year. For subscriptions apply to national distributors dealing with V/O "Mezhdunarodnaya Kniga" that are listed at the end of this issue. © Social Sciences, 1979 Reprints authorised with written permission from the Editorial Board "Social Sciences" Editorial Office, 33/12 Arbat, Moscow 121002, USSR, USSR ACADEMY OF SCIENCES Philosophy History SOCIAL Economics Politics SCIENCES Sociology Law Philology Vol. X, No. 4 1979 Psychology Ethnography Archaeology CONTENTS Questionnaire 5 To the Reader 7 V. Medvedev The Marxist-Leninist Concept of De veloped Socialism 10 Topical Aspects of African Development An. Gromyko The Present Stage of the Anti-Imperialist Struggle in Africa 24 L. Goncharov Foreign Capital in Africa 39 N. Kosukhin Revolutionary Democracy: Its Ideology and Policies 50 Yu. Ilyln, African Studies In the USSR: the 1960s- I. Nikiforova, 1970s 64 N. Okhotina G. Astafyev Soviet Historians on the Reactionary Es sence of Maoism 92^ E. Zhukov On' Criteria for the Periodisation of History 98 N. Fedorenko Target-Oriented Planning and "^Manage- \\ ment 109 E. Feinberg On Reading Einstein 120 M. Mchedlov On the Concept of Communist Civilisa tion 139 R. Frumkina Linguistics, Psychology, Psycholinguis- tics 155 N. Avtonomova . French Structuralism: Methodological Notes 172 PROBLEMS OF WAR AND PEACE 0. Bykov Public Opinion and international Rela tions 189 DISCUSSIONS Ethnic Processes in Present-Day Tropical Africa 199 MAN AND NATURE 0. Yanltsky The Urban Way of Life and Ecology 210 YOUTH AND SOCIETY A. Fedulova The Aiiround Development of Children 222 SCIENTIFIC LIFE Annual Meeting of the USSR Academy of Sciences 229 New Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences 230 Congresses • Conferences • Symposiums ^ V. Kozlov International Congress of Anthropologi cal and Ethnological Sciences 233 M. Sidorova New Stage in implementing Lenin's Cooperative Plan 237 S. Askoldova Soviet and American Historians Meet 240 Chronicle 243 BOOK REVIEWS 1. Vorozheikln i. B. Berkhin, Problems of the History of the Great October Revolution In the Works of V. 1. Lenin 253 1. Azovkin A. 1. Lukyanov, Development of Legisla tion on Soviet Representative Bodies of Authority ■ 255 N. Molseyenko, Problems of Developed Socialism In D. Trifonov, Political Economy 256 Yu. Pakhomov V. Martynov The Worklng-Class Movement In the De veloping Countries 259 V. Gantman D. V. Yermolenko, Sociology and Prob lems of International Relations 262 V. Yanin, A. P. Okladnikov, Z. V. Gogolev, Yu. Kukushkin E. A. Ashchepkov, Old Zashlversk. Old Russian Arctic Town 264 O. Zubova L. V. Krushinsky, The Biological Founda tions of Intelligent Activity 265 G. Novitsky G. N. Moiseyeva, The Spaso-Yaroslavl Manuscript Codex and "The Lay of Igor's Host" 268 S. Sellvanova S. Bondi, About Pushkin 271 BIBLIOGRAPHY New Books by Soviet Linguists 273 Scientific Thematic Coiiections 284 Contributors to This issue 288 Our Giossary- 290 Contents of Sociai Sciences for 1979 292 List of Distributors 299 EDITORIAL COUNCIL Fedoseyev P. N., Academician, Chairman Grigulevich I. R., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences, Deputy Chairman Maslova N. L, Executive Secretary Members Afanasyev V. G., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Arbatov G. A., Academician; Bogomolov O. T., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Bromley Yu. V., Academician; Frolov I. T., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Gapochka M. P., Cand. Sc. (Philos.); Gromyko An. A., D. Sc. (Hist.); Guryev I. £., Cand. Sc. (Econ.); Gvishiani J. M., Academician; Inozemtsev N. N., Academi cian: Kapustin E. I., Corresponding Member, USSR .Academy of Sci ences; Khachaturov T. S., Academician; Khrapchenko M. B., Academi cian; Komkov G. D., D. Sc. (Hbt.); Kostyushko I. I., D. Sc. (Hist.); Koval B. I., D. Sc. (Hist.); Kovalchenko I. D., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Krivtsov V. A., D. Sc. (Hist.); Kumanev V. A., D. Sc. (Hist.); Kuznetsov D. V., Cand. Sc. (Hist.); Markov D. F., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Mchedlov M. P., D. Sc. (Philos.); Momdjan Kh. N., D.. Sc. (Philos.); Narochnitsky A. L., Academician; Okladnikov A. P., Academician; Piot- rovsky B. B., Academician; Primakov E. M., Academician; Semyonov V. S., D. Sc. (Philos.); Shaposhnikov V. S.; Shiryaev Yu. S., D. Sc. (Econ.); Sobolev A. I., D. Sc. (Philos.); Tikhvinsky S. L., Corres ponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Timofeyev T. T., Corres ponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Trukhanovsky V. G., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Vinogradov V. A., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Volsky V. V., D. Sc. (Econ.); Zhilin P. A., Corresponding Member, USSR Academy of Sciences; Zhukov E. M., Academician. QUESTIONNAIRE Dear Reader, The first Issue of Social Sciences appeared in 1970. Throughout the past decade the Editors have made every endeavour to take into account the many suggestions contained in your letters or made in response to our previous Questionnaire {Social Sciences, No. 3, 1976). We would greatly appreciate your help in improving the journal by answering these questions. 1. When did you become a reader? Are you a subscriber? Do you read the journal regularly or only separate issues? Do you get it from a library, or some other source? 2. What sections of the journal interest you most? — thematical selections of articles — articles on specific subjects — Developing Countries: New Researches — Problems of War and Peace — Discussions — Dialogue — Critical Studies and Comment — Man and Nature — The Youth and Society — Views and Opinions — Scientific Life — Book Reviews — Bibliography — Glossary 3. Would you prefer to have our glossaries published in pamphlet form? if so, would you like us to send you a copy? 4. What particular articles impressed you most? 5. Which of the following Interests you most? — theoretical articles (point out the subject, piease) — economic anaiyses based on statistics (with tabies) — surveys of different regions > — others (specify, please) 6. What scientific problems should, In your opinion, be discussed, particularly In the thematic selections of articles? 7., What aspects of Soviet history and current developments would. In your opinion, command especial Interest? 8. What Is your opinion of the quality of translation, design and printing? 9. Did you read the collections put out by our Editorial Board (see p. 284)? What Is your opinion of them? Any suggestions for future volumes? Would you advise thematic series on Latin America, Africa, Asia, developed socialism, history, economics, philosophy, other social sciences? -ifM- Any other comments and suggestions wili be weicomed. Everyone answering the Questionnaire will receive a fuli catalogue of our thematic collections for 1978-1980 in English. Please address the Questionnaire with your answers to: Social Sciences, 33/12 Arbat, Moscow 121002, USSR Thank you in advance. The Editors y • ■ To the Reader This issue marks the 10th anniversary of our journal. The Editors have always heeded readers advice and suggestions and will continue to do so. That is the purpose of the questionnaire printed in this issue. We open this issue with V. Medvedev's article on the essential characteristics of the concept of developed socialism—a topic suggested by readers. Topical Aspects of African Development Nearly twenty years have passed since the Year of Africa, when many countries of that continent won independence. An. Gromyko, Director of the Institute of African Studies, USSR Academy of Sciences, analyses the radical changes in Africa and how they influenced its social relations, politics, economics and culture. L. Goncharov deals with the export of ■ capital from the imperialist to African countries. N. Kosukhin examines the evolution of the ideology of the revolutionary democrats and the refoi^ they have carried out in the socialist-oriented African countries. Soviet ^ books on Africa, reviewed in this issue by Yu. Ilyin, I. Nildforova and N. Okhotina, are indicative of the main trends in Soviet research in the social sciences. Philosophy ■ ■ M. Mchedlov analyses the theoretical content of the concept of fcivilisation, its metKodological significance and functions, with special refererice to the communist type of civilisation as a new sotijal phehometion. N. Avtonomova discusses the specificity of French struc turalism and its place in the humanities. ,i.'' ' i . •- _ _