https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ Theses Digitisation: https://www.gla.ac.uk/myglasgow/research/enlighten/theses/digitisation/ This is a digitised version of the original print thesis. Copyright and moral rights for this work are retained by the author A copy can be downloaded for personal non-commercial research or study, without prior permission or charge This work cannot be reproduced or quoted extensively from without first obtaining permission in writing from the author The content must not be changed in any way or sold commercially in any format or medium without the formal permission of the author When referring to this work, full bibliographic details including the author, title, awarding institution and date of the thesis must be given Enlighten: Theses https://theses.gla.ac.uk/ [email protected] The elements of Maritime Air Power Gjert Lage Dyndal Master of Philosophy dissertation September 2004 University of Glasgow Department for Modern History Centre for War Studies ProQuest Number: 10390772 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10390772 Published by ProQuest LLO (2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLO. ProQuest LLO. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.Q. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 GLASGOW UNIVERSITY LIBRARY: Abstract This Master of Philosophy dissertation is about air power in maritime warfare. 1 have from academically studies and operational maritime aviation experience found that Maritime Air Power has through its short history fallen between the concepts and theories of sea and air power. It has often been narrowly described and defined - often with great differences between the naval and air services. Because of this lack of a common and cross-service definition, I have in this dissertation presented a description of Maritime Air Power based on purpose and objectives rather than viewing it from a perspective of service or platform. The definition argued was: ‘’‘Maritime Air Power constitutes the parts o f air power which are being applied in the maritime theatre to fulfil maritime objectives, as well as achieving the necessary degree o f air control for maritime operations within this area o f interest”. Following this perspective, I have identified and argued all the elements that have to be included. The first element of Maritime Air Power is clearly the greater maritime objectives. This is important for the philosophical and strategical understanding. In the case study on the British forces of the period 1957-67, this was a era of great change. Secondly there is a set of elements described as the core capabilities of Maritime Air Power. These ïïtq Information Exploitation, Surface and Subsurface Warfare, and not at least Air Control Warfare. Force Projection has been reckoned as an important core capability of naval air power, but is not necessarily defined as Maritime Air Power. Within these core capabilities, or warfare areas - the span of practical roles of Maritime Air Power have been identified, and finally applied for the study of the British Maritime Air Power capabilities. Hopefully this dissertation will contribute to give a comprehensive perspective on Maritime Air Power - and not at least contribute to bridge the different perspectives, both on concepts and theories of sea and air power. Contents: Introduction........................................... -...... 5 Ba c k g R o u n d .............................................................................................................................................................................. 6 In ten tio n s and st R u c t u R e ....................................................................................................... 8 S elected liteRatuRe and limitations .............................................................................................................10 Sea power ..................... 12 Defining S ea P o w e R .................................................................................................................... 12 C ommand o f th e S e a ......................................................................................................................................... 14 S ea C o n t R o l ...........................................................................................................................................................................17 S ea Den ia l................................................................................................................................................................................19 Air Pow er............................................................................................. 21 D efining AiR P o w e R ............................................................................................................................................................ 21 T h e fight f o R AiR C o n t R o l .................................................................... 24 Command of the Air............................................................................ 25 Degrees of Air Controi.................................................................................................................................................26 Air Supremacy and Air Superiority - and the navai surface forces .......................................27 C om m en ts t o th e dimension o f S p a c e .......................................................................................................................29 Maritime Air Pow er................................................................. 31 THE maRitime o b je c t iv e s ................................................................................................................................................... 34 T h e c o R e capabilities and R o l e s o f MARITIME AiR P o w e R ................................................................................34 The first core capabiiity: Information Exploitation ............................................................................36 The second core capabiiity: Surface W arfare ..................................................................................................40 The third core capability: Subsurface W arfare ................................................................................................ 43 The fourth core capability: Air Control W arfare ............................................................................................... 52 F o rce Projection - a "fifth” co re cap ab iiity ..................... 57 Maritime Air Power of Britain, 1957 -1 9 6 7 .................................. 60 T he stRa teg ic fRa m ew oRk............................................................................................................................................... 60 NATO - from Massive Retaliation to Flexible R espons e ............................................................................60 Soviet Union as a potential threat to Great Britain .........................................................................................64 The Soviet threat - the forces...................................................................................................................................65 The northern flank of Europe - Norway and the Norwegian S e a .....................................................................72 The strategy of the Soviet forces in the northern region ...............................................................................74 The Soviet Union disputing NATO’s control of the Norwegian Sea.................................................................75 Part-conclusion on the Soviet threat.................................................................... 77 BRitish MaRitime AiR P o w eR - th e MaRitime O b je c t iv e s.................................................................................. 78 Radicai changes to British defence policy ....................................................................................... 78 The Maritime Objectives.................................. 84 BRitish MaRitime AiR P o w eR - t h e c o R e capabilities and R o l e s .................. 87 Information Exploitation .........................................................................................................................................87 British aircraft and system s :.............................................................................................................................87 Part-conciusion.............................................................................................................................................................97 Surface Warfare........................................................... 100 British aircraft and system s......................................................................................................................................100 Part-conciusion...........................................................................................................................................................104