Antitubercular drugs pdf Continue Tb treatment is aimed at shortening the clinical course of tuberculosis, preventing complications, preventing the development of delay and/or subsequent recurrences, and reducing the likelihood of transmission of tuberculosis. In patients with laten tuberculosis, the purpose of therapy is to prevent the progression of the disease. View full drug information This is the primary drug selected for use in preventive therapy and for use in active tuberculosis combination therapy. It is also used in combination with Rifapentin for adults and children aged 2 years or older with laten TB as a once-weekly DOT therapy for 12 weeks. Its mechanism of action is not fully understood, but isosiosied can inhibit the synthesis of myclic acid, resulting in disruption of the bacterial cell wall. In patients receiving active TB, 25-50 mg of pyridoxin should be taken orally once a day to prevent peripheral neuropathy. See the full drug information Rifampin is used in co-ed with at least 1 other anti-tuberculosis drug active in TB. Inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity in bacterial cells, but not mammalian cells. Cross resistance may occur. In most susceptible cases, the patient undergoes 6 months of treatment. Treatment lasts for 9 months if the patient's sputum herniation results are positive after 2 months of treatment. View full drug information This is an analogue of nicotinamide pirazine, which is bacteriostatic or bactericidal against M tuberculosis, depending on the concentration of the drug reached at the site of infection. The mechanism of action of pyrazinamide is unknown. Inject the drug into the initial 2 months of a 6-month or longer treatment regimen with drug-sensitive TB. Treat drug-resistant TB with personalized treatments. View the complete drug information on Ethambutol diffuse actively growing mycobacterial cells (eg, tuberculosis bacillus). This impairs cell metabolism by inhibiting the synthesis of 1 or more metabolites, which in turn causes cell death. There's no evidence of cross-resistance. Mycobacterial resistance is common with previous therapy. In such cases, use ethambutol in combination with second-line drugs that have not previously been insansed. Administered every 24 hours until prolonged bacteriological transformation and maximum clinical improvement are observed. Absorption is not significantly changed by food. Adverse effects of ethambutol include optical neuritis, which is usually reversible by discontinuing the drug. During the period when the patient receives a dose of 25 mg/kg per day, a monthly eye test is recommended. View complete drug information on Streptomycin sulfate, aminoglycolyside, used to treat susceptible mycobacterial infections. Use this substance in combination with other antituberculous drugs isoniazide, ethambutol, rifampin). Although the total duration of treatment for tuberculosis is at least 6 months, streptomycin streptomycin it is not commonly used throughout the course of treatment because of toxicity concerns. The drug is recommended if less potentially dangerous therapeutic drugs are ineffective or contraindicated. View the full drug information on Levofloxacin, a second-line antituberculous drug, used in co-rifampin and other antituberculous agents to treat most cases of multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). In a good safety profile, long-term use among fluoroquinolones has made levofloxacin the preferred oral agent for the treatment of MDR-TB caused by organisms resistant to first-line drugs. Levofloxacin triggers the effects of inhibition through bacterial topoimic topoimyrases IV and DNA gyrases, which are necessary for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. View the full drug information on Moxifloxacin, a second-line antituberculous drug, inhibiting the subunits of DNA gyrases, leading to inhibition of bacterial DNA replication and transcription. Moxifloxacin can be used on MDR-TB by organisms known or suspected to be sensitive to fluoroquinolones, or if the first-line medicinal product cannot be used due to intolerance. View full drug information This substance is used twice a week as part of a multi-drug treatment for 2 months during the intensive phase of TB treatment, and then once a week for 4 months, together with ioniazid or the corresponding active ingredient in susceptible organisms. The medicine is indicated as treatment once a week for adults and children aged 2 years or older with laten TB combined with iszolaziazide. Rifapentin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase in susceptible strains of M tuberculosis organisms. It should not be used to treat active tuberculosis after 2 months of treatment with HIV infection or positive tb cultures. See the full drug information, etionamide is a second-line drug that is bacteriostatic or bactericidal against M tuberculosis, depending on the concentration of the drug reached at the site of infection. It is recommended if treatment with first-line drugs (isoniazid, rifampin) is unsuccessful. Etionamide can be used to treat any form of active tuberculosis. However, it should only be used with other effective tuberculosis drugs. See the full drug information amikacin is a second-line drug used to treat patients with MDR-TB or those who do not tolerate first-line therapies. This agent irreversibly binds to the 30S subunit of bacterial ribosomes, blocking the detection step of protein synthesis and causing growth inhibition. View the complete drug information on Cycloserine, a second-line TB drug, inhibiting cell wall synthesis of susceptible strains of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and M tuberculosis. This Structural analogue d-alanine, which antagonizes the role of D-alanine in bacterial cell wall synthesis, inhibits growth. Like all antituberculosis drugs, cicloserin is With other effective TB drugs and not the only therapeutic agent, look at the complete drug information Capreomycin, which is taken from Streptomyces capreolus, is a second-line drug used in co-ed with other antituberculous agents in lung infections caused by creomin-sensitive strains of M tuberculosis. Creomicin is used only if first-line agents (e.g. isoliazida, rifampin) have been ineffective or cannot be used due to toxicity or the presence of resistant tuberculosis bacilluses. See full drug information This is an ansamycin antibiotic derived from rifamycin S. Rifabutin inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, preventing chain initiation. It is used in TB to treat individuals with specific HIV drugs when rifampin is contraindicated (most protease inhibitors). View the complete drug information clofazimine inhibits mycobacterial growth, binding preferably to mycobacterial DNA. It has antimicrobial properties, but its mechanism of action is unknown. It is rarely used to treat MDR-TB. As with any drug for TB, clofazimine is always used in other antituberculous agents. Clofazimine is only available on a patient basis, doctors who submit a test for a new drug (IND) application to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). View full drug information This is a bacteriostatic agent that is useful as a second line agent against M tuberculosis. This is the most commonly used MDR-TB, or if treatment with ioniazid or rifampin is not possible. It inhibits the development of bacterial resistance against streptomycin and isolesisida. This substance should be administered with other anti-tuberculosis drugs. View the full drug information on Bedaquiline as a diarylquinoline that inhibits mycobacterial adenosine 5'-triphosphate (ATP) synthase, an enzyme essential for the generation of energy in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. 24 weeks of multidrug therapy (at least 4 other antitubercular medicines) in adults and adolescents aged 5 years and older with pulmonary MDR-TB. Therapy with bedaquiline is reserved if no effective treatment regimen can be provided by other means. It is not recommended for the treatment of latening, extrapulmonary or drug-sensitive tuberculosis. View the full drug information on Nitroimidazooxazine, which kills actively reproducing M tuberculosis by inhibiting myoic acid biosynthesis, thereby blocking cell wall production. As part of combination treatment with bedaquiline and linezolide, it is indicated for the treatment of pulmonary, widely drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) or treatment-intolerant or unresponsive MDR-TB in adults. Delamanid is a dihydro-nitroimidazooxazole derivative. It works by inhibiting the synthesis of the mycobacterial cell wall. The WHO's treatment of drug-resistant tuberculosis 2019 as an imitator, requires that delamanid be included in the treatment of MDR/rifampin-resistant patients older >3 years of age during longer treatment. Treatment of tuberculosisDifferent pharmaceutical tuberculosis treatments and their measuresSpecialInfected diseases[edit wikidata] Treatment of tuberculosis refers to the medical treatment of infectious disease tuberculosis (TB). The standard short course of treatment for TB is isosiazide (along with pyridoxatic phosphate, peripheral neuropathy caused by isoisiazide, rifampicin (also known as rifampin in the United States), pyrazinamide and ethambutol for two months, followed by isoiazide and rifampicin alone for another four months. The patient is considered free of live bacteria after six months. In laten tuberculosis, the standard treatment alone is a combination of 6-9 months of daily ioniazid or three months per week (12 doses in total) of isiazida/rifapentin. [1] [2] [3] If the body is known to be completely sensitive, treatment