0,600 African Development Bank Group 7,200 5,000 2,100 10,400 1,200 11,240 3,100 4,680 16,900 2,600 5,000 1,800 1,900 9,500 8,900 12,400 Contents Foreword ........................................................................................................................................................... 1 Overview ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Chapter 1: Human Development 1.1 Population .............................................................................................................................................................................................6 1.2 People in Cities ....................................................................................................................................................................................8 1.3 Health ...................................................................................................................................................................................................11 1.4 Education ............................................................................................................................................................................................15 Chapter 2: Economic Performance, Inclusiveness, and Structural Transformation 2.1 Economic Performance and Outlook ...........................................................................................................................................20 2.2 Private Sector Development ..........................................................................................................................................................21 2.3 Poverty Reduction and the Emergence of the Middle Class .................................................................................................24 © 2014 African Development Bank 2.4 Inclusive Growth ...............................................................................................................................................................................25 All rights reserved. 2.5 Structural Transformation ...............................................................................................................................................................26 This report was prepared by the Statistics Department Chapter 3: Governance, Fragility, and Security in the Chief Economist Vice Presidency of the African 3.1 Governance and Corruption ...........................................................................................................................................................30 Development Bank. Its findings reflect the opinions 3.2 Fragility ................................................................................................................................................................................................34 of the authors and not necessarily those of the African 3.3 Security ................................................................................................................................................................................................36 Development Bank, its Board of Directors, or the countries they represent. Chapter 4: Regional Integration, Trade, and Investment 4.1 Africa as the New Frontier ..............................................................................................................................................................40 Designations employed in this report do not imply the 4.2 Trade .....................................................................................................................................................................................................42 expression of any opinion on the part of the African 4.3 Regional Integration ........................................................................................................................................................................43 Development Bank Group concerning the legal status of Chapter 5: Infrastructure Development any country or territory, or the delimitation of its frontiers. 5.1 Developing Infrastructure for Growth .........................................................................................................................................48 5.2 Energy...................................................................................................................................................................................................49 While every effort has been made to present reliable information, the African Development Bank accepts no 5.3 Transportation ....................................................................................................................................................................................50 responsibility whatsoever for any consequences of its use. 5.4 Information and Communication Technology ...........................................................................................................................54 5.5 Water and Sanitation .......................................................................................................................................................................57 Cover, layout, infographics, and other design by Prognoz. 5.6 Housing ................................................................................................................................................................................................58 Printing and Production by Phoenix Design Aid—Denmark. Chapter 6: Agriculture, Food Security, and a Greener Environment 6.1 African Agriculture ............................................................................................................................................................................62 For any inquiries on this report, please contact: 6.2 Food Security......................................................................................................................................................................................64 6.3 Towards Green Growth .....................................................................................................................................................................66 Statistics Department Chief Economist Complex Conclusion ...................................................................................................................................................... 68 African Development Bank Group References ...................................................................................................................................................... 69 Temporary Relocation Agency (TRA) BP 323, 1002 Belvédère, Tunis Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................................... 71 Tunisia Tel: (+216) 7110 2175 Fax: (+216) 7183 2409 e-mail: [email protected] Web: www.afdb.org/statistics Foreword Africa is a continent of significant scale The long-term strategic thinking of the African and diversity, covering 54 countries with Development Bank is informed by these their own geographical, economic, and megatrends. As the preeminent development cultural characteristics. Over the last few institution for Africa, the Bank plays a decades, Africa has embarked on a process vital role in supporting regional member of transformation and growth. The African countries. It achieves this through executing Development Bank’s Tracking Africa’s well-designed projects and programs to Progress in Figures report aims to identify deliver broad social and economic benefits the ‘megatrends’ which, together with other and sound value for money. drivers of change, will shape Africa’s future. The Bank’s long-term strategic priorities With Africa’s population expanding include: fostering private-sector led rapidly, from around 1 billion today to investment, growth and job creation; an estimated 2.5 billion by 2060, we will supporting the development of capable have a young and increasingly urbanized states and institutions for inclusive growth; workforce, which presents an opportunity and developing the skills and human capital to reap a ‘demographic dividend.’ Seizing that a youthful labor force will need to grasp that opportunity will depend on access to the opportunities of economic growth. education and skills, the quality and scale of public investment in infrastructure, and the Our strategy will support the transformation associated private investment in business of Africa into a stable, competitive, integrated, and jobs. and greener continent, built on a foundation of inclusive and sustainable growth. Growing populations and urbanization, linked to increasing integration within the world economy, present new challenges, not least for agriculture, which is also facing the risks associated with climate change. Africa’s natural resources endowment will continue Professor Mthuli Ncube to offer an opportunity for economic growth, Chief Economist & Vice President if well managed, primarily by financing African Development Bank Group investment in infrastructure and human capital. Foreword 1 Overview African economies have sustained unprecedented rates of growth, driven mainly by capacity to deliver economic opportunity and human connected global marketplace. With plans to establish development; 67 percent of countries made progress in