DOCUMENT RESUME ED 091 888 PS 004 82 AUTHOR Vaughan, Victor C., III, Ed. TITLE Issues in Human Development: An Inventory of Problems, Unfinished Business and Directions for Research. SPONS AGENCY National Inst. of Child Health and Human Development (NIH) , Bethesda, Md. PUB DATE Nov 67 NOTE 222p.; Papers in this monograph were presented at the Symposium on Issues in Human Development, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, November, 1967 AVAILABLE FROM Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402 ($1.75) EDRS PRICE EDRS Price MF-$0.65 HC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS Adolescence, Early Childhood, *Early Experience, Economics, Environmental Influences, *Human Development, *Individual Development, Institutions, *Interdisciplinary Approach, Laws, Mental Development, Municipalities, Physical Development, Social Development, *Symposia ABSTRACT The papers presented at the Symposium on Issues in Human Development in Philadelphia, November 1967, are collected in this document. Included are lengthy extracts from the discussion. Participants at the conference were from the biologic and social sciences. The goal of the conference was not so much to reveal answers to problems as to make sure the right questions were being asked, in the hope that the ultimate answers might serve as guides to social and political action. The seven parts into which the conference was divided emphasized these aspects of human development: earliest influences; physical and chemical growth and development; socialization in early childhood; cognition and learning; adolescence; the city; institutions, economics and the law. All of the papers are timely; some were freshly updated before this publication. The issues discussed present the need for study and research, and for community action that will help children to live creative and productive lives. (Author/NH) U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFARE OFFICE OF EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HAS BEEH REPRO. DUCED EXACTLY AS RECEIVED FROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIG INATING IT. POINTS OF VIEW OR OPIN- CO IONS STATED DO NOT NECESSARILY REPRESENT OFFICIAL OFFICE OF EDU- OD CATION POSITION OR POLICY ar ISSUES IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT C.) w AN INVENTORY OF PROBLEMS, UNFINISHED BUSINESS AND DIRECTIONS FOR RESEARCH Victor C. Vaughan, III, M.D. Scientific Editor Based on a symposium sponsored by Temple University St. Christopher's Hospital for Children The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing 0Mce, Washington, D.C., 20402 - Price $1.76 1 PREFACE In November, 1967, Temple University, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development were joint hosts in Philadelphia to a Symposium on Issues in Human Development. The meeting drew together for an exchange of views and infor- mation more than one hundred fifty participants from the biologic and social sciences. Among the fields represented were genetics and metabolism, nutrition, physical anthropology, pediatrics, many fields of education and of psychology, child psychiatry, community medicine, public health, medical care administration, social work, sociology, cultural anthropology, social and public welfare, city planning, law, economics, and biomathematics. The result of four days of discussion and examination of issues was to make plain that any dicho- tomy between biologic and social sciences must be superseded by a multidisciplinary science of human development, as called for by Robert A. Aldrich in his introductory remarks and by Rene J. Dubos in his keynote address. The goal of the conference was not so much to reveal answers to problems as to make sure the right questions were being asked, the ultimate answers to which might serve as guides to social and politi- cal action. Attention was given in turn to the earliest environmental influences on human develop- ment, to physical growth and development, to socialization, to cognition and learning, to adolescence, to the urban environment, and to the impact of institutions, economics, and the law upon human development. The papers presented at the Symposium have been collected here, with extracts from the discussion. All are timely. Some have been freshly updated before this volume went to press. The issues dis- cussed and the associated problems present insistent demands not only upon the scientific commu- nity for study and research, but upon both that community and an informed citizenry for initiation and support of programs of public and private action which will make it more certain that children will grow up in a world in which they will have the best chance of realizing their potential for creative and productive lives. The planning group for the symposium included Theron Alexander, Leonard Garrett, E. Kuno Beller, Herman Niebuhr, Leon Ovsiew, David Willis, Evelyn B. Wilson and Victor C. Vaughan, III, of Temple University, and Mrs. Georgia Perkins Reaser, Dwain N. Walcher and William Moore of National In- stitute of Child Health and Human Development. The conference was supported by Contract No. PH-43-66-949 from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development and a grant from the Teaching and Research Fund of St. Christopher's Hospital for Children. The editor and planning group are greatly indebted to Mrs. Michiko Claflin and Miss Helen Ellwanger for planning and logistic consultation and aid, and to Mrs. Claflin for her editorial help. V. C. V., III 2 FOREWORD This monograph presents a wealth of information and opinions on many challenging aspects of human development. Prominent scholars from a variety of disciplines have contributed to this exposition of pertinent and timely issues. The broad array of viewpoints represented here underscores the complexity of the developmental process. Despite substantial advancement in our understanding of the role of genetic and environmental influences, many unanswered questions remain regarding the relative significance of factors which may affect biological, psychological and social development. We hope the presentations and discussions so skillfully edited by Dr. Victor C. Vaughan, l,r will be of value to students of human development, public policy makers and above all to creative scientists interested in pursuing research along the directions outlined. The National Institute of Child Health and Hum i Development is committed to the support of meritorious developmentally oriented investigations and w omrc inquiry regarding our programs. Gerald D. Laveck, M.D. Director National Institute of Child Health and Human Development iii PARTICIPANTS Robert A. Aldrich, M.D. David Elkind, Ph.D. Professor and Head, Division of Urban Health Professor of Psychology University of Washington School of Medicine University of Rochester Seattle, Washington 98105 Rochester, New York 14627 Theron Alexander, Ph.D. Director, Child Development Re search Center Walter Emmerich, Ph.D. for Head Start Senior Research Psychologist Professor of Human Development, Ed. Psych. Educational Testing Service Temple University 452 Ritter Hall Princeton, New Jersey 08540 Park and Montgomery Avenues Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 Frank Falkner, M.D., M.R.C.P. Associate Director E. Kuno Beller, Ph.D. National Institute of Child Health and Human Professor of Psychology Development Developmental Research Laboratory Bethesda, Maryland 20014 #a-209 College Hall Professor of Pediatrics Temple University Georgetown University School of Medicine Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 Harriet Felton, M.D. Josef Broiek, Ph.D. Regional Medical Director Research Professor Social and Rehabilitation Services Lehigh University Department of Health, Education and Welfare Bethlehem, Pennsylvania 18015 26 Federal Plaza New York, New York 10007 Jerome S. Bruner, Ph.D. Professor of Psychology Samuel J. Fomon, M.D. Director, Center for Cognitive Studies Professor of Pediatrics Harvard University University of Iowa 33 Kirkland Street Department of Pediatrics Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 Iowa City, Iowa 52240 Cipriano A. Canosa, M.D. Chairman, Department of Pediatrics and Donald H. Ford, Ph.D. Director of Children's Hospital Dean, College of Human Development Valencia, Spain Pennsylvania State University University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 Donald B. Cheek, M.D., D.Sc. Professor of Pediatrics Frank Garfunkel, Ed.D. The Johns Hopkins Hospital Professor of Education Baltimore, Maryland 21205 Boston University School of Education 765 Commonwealth Avenue Gabriel d'Amato, M.D. Boston, Massachusetts 02215 Clinical Director, Eastern State School and Hospital 3740 Lincoln Highway Stanley M. Garn, Ph.D. Trevose, Pennsylvania 19047 Fellow of the Center for Human Growth and Development and Professor of Health Development Richard L Day, M.D. School of Public Health Professor of Pediatrics The University of Michigan Mt. Sinai School of Medicine 611 Church Street One East 100th Street Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 New York, New York 10029 Elizabeth Gellert, Ed.D. Elizabeth Douvan, Ph.D. Associate Professor Department of Psychology City University of New York University of Michigan Hunter College Ann Arbor, Michigan 695 Park Avenue New York, New York Rene Jules Dubos, Ph.D. Member and Professor Harold B. Gerard, Ph.D. Rockefeller University Professor of Psychology York and 66th Street University of California New York, New York 10021 Riverside, California 92502 Titles and addresses as of the time of the symposium. 4 Conrad Herr, M.D. Lincoln E. Moses, Ph.D.