nutrients From Ptolemaus to Copernicus: The Evolving System of Gluten-Related Disorder Edited by Carlo Catassi and Alessio Fasano Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients From Ptolemaus to Copernicus: The Evolving System of Gluten-Related Disorder Special Issue Editors Carlo Catassi Alessio Fasano MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade Special Issue Editors Carlo Catassi Universita` Politecnica delle Marche Italy Alessio Fasano Massachusetts General Hospital East USA Editorial Office MDPI AG St. Alban-Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072-6643) from 2016–2017 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special issues/ evolving system gluten disorders). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Lastname, F.M.; Lastname, F.M. Article title. Journal Name. Year. Article number, page range. First Edition 2018 ISBN 978-3-03842-731-5 (Pbk) ISBN 978-3-03842-732-2 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license, which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is c 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY-NC-ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Table of Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... v Preface to ”From Ptolemaus to Copernicus: The Evolving System of Gluten-Related Disorder” ....................................... vii Karol Sestak, Hazel Thwin, Jason Dufour, David X. Liu, Xavier Alvarez, David Laine, Adam Clarke, Anthony Doyle, Pyone P. Aye, James Blanchard and Charles P. Moehs Supplementation of Reduced Gluten Barley Diet with Oral Prolyl Endopeptidase Effectively Abrogates Enteropathy-Associated Changes in Gluten-Sensitive Macaques doi:10.3390/nu8070401 ......................................... 1 Pilvi Laurikka, Teea Salmi, Pekka Collin, Heini Huhtala, Markku M¨aki, Katri Kaukinen and Kalle Kurppa Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Celiac Disease Patients on a Long-Term Gluten-Free Diet doi:10.3390/nu8070429 ......................................... 14 BarbaraZanini,MonicaMarullo,VincenzoVillanacci,MariannaSalemme,Francesco Lanzarotto, ChiaraRicciandAlbertoLanzini PersistentIntraepithelialLymphocytosisinCeliacPatientsAdheringtoGluten-FreeDietIs NotAbolishedDespiteaGlutenContaminationEliminationDiet doi:10.3390/nu8090525 ......................................... 25 Anastasia V. Balakireva and Andrey A. Zamyatnin Jr. Properties of Gluten Intolerance: Gluten Structure, Evolution, Pathogenicity and Detoxification Capabilities doi:10.3390/nu8100644 ......................................... 37 Andrea Quagliariello, Irene Aloisio, Nicole Bozzi Cionci, Donata Luiselli, Giuseppe D’Auria, Llucia ´ Martinez-Priego, David P´erez-Villarroya, Tomaˇz Langerholc, Maˇsa Primec, Duˇsanka Miˇceti´c-Turk and Diana Di Gioia Effect of Bifidobacterium breve on the Intestinal Microbiota of Coeliac Children on a Gluten Free Diet: A Pilot Study doi:10.3390/nu8100660 ......................................... 64 Mahesh Mohan, Cheryl-Emiliane T. Chow, Caitlin N. Ryan, Luisa S. Chan, Jason Dufour, Pyone P. Aye, James Blanchard, Charles P. Moehs and Karol Sestak Dietary Gluten-Induced Gut Dysbiosis Is Accompanied by Selective Upregulation of microRNAs with Intestinal Tight Junction and Bacteria-Binding Motifs in Rhesus Macaque Model of Celiac Disease doi:10.3390/nu8110684 ......................................... 80 Tom van Gils, Petula Nijeboer, Catharina E. IJssennagger, David S. Sanders, Chris J. J. Mulder and Gerd Bouma Prevalence and Characterization of Self-Reported Gluten Sensitivity in The Netherlands doi:10.3390/nu8110714 ......................................... 98 iii Mar´ıa Angeles´ Bustamante, Mar´ıa Pilar Fern´andez-Gil, Itziar Churruca, Jonatan Miranda, Arrate Lasa, Virginia Navarro and Edurne Sim´on Evolution of Gluten Content in Cereal-Based Gluten-Free Products: An Overview from 1998 to 2016 doi:10.3390/nu9010021 .........................................107 Grazyna˙ Czaja-Bulsa and Micha Bulsa What Do We Know Now about IgE-Mediated Wheat Allergy in Children? doi:10.3390/nu9010035 .........................................119 Priscila Farage, Renata Puppin Zandonadi, Verˆonica Cortez Ginani, Lenora Gandolfi, Riccardo Pratesi and Yanna Karla de Medeiros N´obrega Content Validation and Semantic Evaluation of a Check-List Elaborated for the Prevention of Gluten Cross-Contamination in Food Services doi:10.3390/nu9010036 .........................................128 Mar´ıa de Lourdes Moreno, Alfonso Rodrguez-Herrera, Carolina Sousa and Isabel Comino Biomarkers to Monitor Gluten-Free Diet Compliance in Celiac Patients doi:10.3390/nu9010046 .........................................145 Francisco Cabrera-Ch´avez, Gimena V. A. Dezar, Anna P. Islas-Zamorano, Jesus ´ G. Espinoza-Alderete, Marcela J. Vergara-Jim´enez, Dalia Magan˜a-Ordorica and No´e Ontiveros Prevalence of Self-Reported Gluten Sensitivity and Adherence to a Gluten-Free Diet in Argentinian Adult Population doi:10.3390/nu9010081 .........................................159 Tiziana Larussa, Evelina Suraci, Maria Imeneo, Raffaella Marasco and Francesco Luzza Normal Bone Mineral Density Associates with Duodenal Mucosa Healing in Adult Patients with Celiac Disease on a Gluten-Free Diet doi:10.3390/nu9020098 .........................................170 Alberto D’Alcamo, Pasquale Mansueto, Maurizio Soresi, Rosario Iacobucci, Francesco La Blasca, Girolamo Geraci, Francesca Cavataio, Francesca Fayer, Andrea Arini, Laura Di Stefano, Giuseppe Iacono, Liana Bosco and Antonio Carroccio Contact Dermatitis Due to Nickel Allergy in Patients Suffering from Non-Celiac Wheat Sensitivity doi:10.3390/nu9020103 .........................................178 Anil K. Verma, Simona Gatti, Tiziana Galeazzi, Chiara Monachesi, Lucia Padella, Giada Del Baldo, Roberta Annibali, Elena Lionetti and Carlo Catassi Gluten Contamination in Naturally or Labeled Gluten-Free Products Marketed in Italy doi:10.3390/nu9020115 .........................................185 Michael N. Marsh and Calvin J. Heal Evolutionary Developments in Interpreting the Gluten-Induced Mucosal Celiac Lesion: An Archimedian Heuristic doi:10.3390/nu9030213 .........................................195 Giulia Catassi, Elena Lionetti, Simona Gatti and Carlo Catassi The Low FODMAP Diet: Many Question Marks for a Catchy Acronym doi:10.3390/nu9030292 .........................................214 Kamran Rostami, Justine Bold, Alison Parr and Matt W. Johnson Gluten-Free Diet Indications, Safety, Quality, Labels, and Challenges doi:10.3390/nu9080846 .........................................223 iv About the Special Issue Editors Carlo Catassi is the Head of the Department of Pediatrics and full professor of pediatrics at the Universit Politecnica delle Marche, Ancona, Italy and the President of the Italian Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition during the years 2013–2016. By training he is MD with specialization in Pediatrics (1980), Human Nutrition (1987)and Biostatistics (1997). Since 2001 he joined the Center for Celiac Disease (CFCR) at the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (USA), and was appointed as Co-Director of the CFCR in 2003, Adjunct Professor of Pediatrics at the University of Maryland School of Medicine in 2012. Prof. Carlo Catassi has been appointed Visiting Scientist at the Massachusetts General Hospital for Children in 2014. Prof. Catassis research expertise is focused on the world epidemiology, clinical spectrum and primary prevention of celiac disease, gluten sensitivity and other gluten-related disorders. Prof. Catassi is considered one of the world leader experts in the area of gluten-related disorders. Alessio Fasano is the W. Allan Walker Chair of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition at Massachusetts General Hospital for Children and Professor of Pediatrics at Harvard Medical School. He is Division Chief of Pediatric Gastroentrology and Nutrition, Director of the Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center and Associate Chief for Basic, Clinical and Translational Research for the Department of Pediatrics at at the same Institution. Dr. Fasanos research expertise encompasses both basic science focused on bacterial pathogenesis, gut microbiome, and translational science focused on the role of impaired intestinal barrier function in the pathogenesis of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including celiac disease. Dr. Fasano is author of more than 280 peer reviewed manuscripts, he has been funded continuously by the National Institute of Health since 1996, is inventor of more than 160 patents, and has received several awards, including the Shwachman award, the Linus Pauling Award, and the Entrepreneur of the year award and the Researcher of the year award. v Preface to ”From Ptolemaus to Copernicus: The Evolving System of Gluten-Related Disorder” At the time we launched the Nutrients Special Issue “From Ptolemaus to Copernicus: The Evolving System of Gluten-Related Disorders”, our call for papers stated that “Gluten is the major protein of wheat