Motor Oils and Engine Lubrication Dave Mann TABLE OF CONTENTS Preface: Introduction and Guarantee 1. Basic Principles of Lubrication: 1-2 2. Hydrodynamic and Boundary Lubrication 3 3. Chemical Breakdown and Deterioration of Motor Oil During Use: 4-7 - Oxidation and Deposits - Thermal Degradation - Corrosion - Shearing - What About Engines that “Require” a Straight weight Oil? - Contamination 4. Oil Additives During the Manufacturing Process: 8-13 - “Motor Oil Refining” Process - Pour Point Depressants - Viscosity Improvers - Detergents and Dispersants - Anti-Foam Agents - Corrosion Inhibitors - Rust Inhibitors - Oxidation Inhibitors - Anti-Wear Additives 5. Complex Manufacturer Blended Oil Additives vs. Aftermarket Additives: 14-16 6. Lubricant Testing: 17-22 - Pour Point - Flash and Fire Point - Kinematic Viscosity - Viscosity Index - High-Temperature High-Shear Viscosity - NOACK Volatility - Four-Ball Wear Test - Cold Crank Simulator Apparent Viscosity - Borderline Pumping Temperature - Total Base Number - Total Acid Number - Foaming Tests 7. Oil Color, Contamination and Lubrication Ability: 23-24 8. SAE Engine Oil Viscosity Classification: 25-26 9. API Service Classifications 27-30 10. API Licensing: 31 11. ILSAC and GF Oils 32-34 12. Synthetic Lubricants History- Part 1: 35-36 13. Synthetic Lubricants History- Part 2: 37-39 14. What Are Synthetic Lubricants: 40-45 - Definition of a synthetic lubricant - Most common synthetic lubricants Motor Oils and Engine Lubrication Dave Mann - Polyglycols - Silicones - Esters: Diesters ( dibasic acid esters) - Esters: Polyoesters (Neopentyl Poly Esters) - Polymerized Alpha Olefin: Polyalphaolefin, Olefin Polymers, Olefin Oligomers- synthetic hydrocarbons - Seal Compatability - Alkylated Aromatics- Dialkylbenzenes- synthetic hydrocarbons - Phosphate Esters - Summary and Eight Documented Performance Features of Synthetic Engine Oils 15. Base Oil Categories and Definitions: 46 - Group I- Solvent Freezing - Group II- Hydroprocessing and refining - Group III- Hydroprocessing and refining - Group IV- Chemical Reactions - Group V- As indicated 16. Oil Air and Fuel Filtration: 47-49 - Oil Contamination and Engine Wear - Effect of Used Oil Contaminants on Engine Wear 17. Oil Filters and Oil Filtration Systems: 50-55 - Surface Type Oil Filter Elements - Beta Ratings - Depth Type Oil Filter Elements - Full Flow Oil Filtration Systems - By-Pass Oil Filtration Systems 18. Air Filtration: 56-57 19. Manufacturers Warranties, Manufacturers Branded Oil and Filters and Extended Drain Intervals: 58-60 20. Oil Analysis Testing and 68,611 Miles Without an Oil Change: 61-64 21. Gauging Fuel Economy Improvements with Synthetic Oil: 65-68 22. Synthetic Oil and Turbochargers: 69 23. The Differences Between 0W-30, 5W-30 and 10W-30 Motor Oils: 70-71 24. Converting to Synthetic Motor Oil, Break-In and the Myth of Synthetic Motor Oils and Seal Leaks: 72-75 25. 5W-20 and 0W-30 Motor Oils: 76-78 26. Are 3000 Mile Oil Changes Really Necessary? Synthetic vs. Petroleum Oil: 79-82 27. Which Lubricants are Superior. How You Can Perform Your Own Data Analysis and Comparisons: 83-84 28. Frequently Asked Questions regarding Synthetic Lubricants: 85-88 29. Motorcycle Crankcase Oils: 89-93 - Technical Issues and Specifications - Petroleum or Synthetic? - Synthetics & “Slipperiness” in Relation to Roller Rockers & Wet Clutches - Which Viscosity and How Long Can You Use it For? 30. Automotive Gear Lubricants: 94-97 Motor Oils and Engine Lubrication Dave Mann - Viscosity Grades - Synthetic Gear Lubes - Friction Modifiers - Extreme Pressure Additives and Performance - GL-Ratings, MT-1 and MIL Ratings 31. Automatic Transmission Fluids: 98-100 - ATF, The Most Complex Automotive Fluid - Types of ATF and Specifications - Change Intervals and Method - Synthetic ATF vs. Petroleum ATF - Clutch Packs; Synthetics and “Slipperiness” 32. Manual Transmission and 4x4 Transfer Case Lubricants: 101 33. Special Bonus Section: 102-109 - How to understand, eliminate and prevent the most common brake system problem: brake pedal pulsation and vibration. I review proven expert service procedures that you need to know whether you service you vehicles brakes yourself or pay to have them serviced. I completely debunk the common myth that brake rotors "warp" and explain what really happens and how it can be corrected without costly repairs and how to prevent it from occurring in the future. I also provide you with some proven methods in order to increase the longevity and performance of your cars and trucks as well as important information on brake lining material descriptions that manufacturers commonly use to promote their brake linings. Appendix A: References: 110-111 A Comprehensive Technical Handbook on Motor Oil, Lubrication and Filtration Authored by : Dave Mann: Lubrication Specialist and Truck/Automotive Engineer This book will quickly become your complete technical handbook, written in layman’s terms, on motor oil and filtration. It will also provide insight into what various vehicle and equipment manufacturers and service centers do not mention about synthetic lubricants. If after searching all over for answers and asking numerous “experts” you’re still confused, this book will be a welcome addition to your knowledge base. With my extensive industry experience as a Lubrication Specialist and Truck/Automotive Engineer, I clearly identify the facts so you can make an informed decision. The facts identified are supported by undisputable scientific and engineering tests and data, both in the lab and in the field. You spend a lot of money on your new vehicles and other equipment and you need concise, factual answers on all aspects of petroleum motor oils, synthetic motor oils and oil filtration from an engineer and industry expert. I set the record straight and clearly present the information explaining the differences between petroleum motor oil and synthetic motor oils as well as detail the facts on just about every possible vehicle lubrication and filtration question you could have. Synthetic motor oil use is one of the fastest growing automotive maintenance and performance products on the market, yet with all these people seeking knowledge and advice, there are very few people that are knowledgeable enough and qualified to provide advice on not only synthetic motor oils but petroleum motor oils as well. Consumers often ask people they think are qualified and get an opinion, not supported by any data, that they believe is accurate, and then make critical decisions based on this inaccurate advice/opinion. I deal with this every single day and it is my intention to help people learn the facts in an easily understandable format and make myself available to personally answer their specific questions with concise, factual answers supported by data. In this day and age of high-performance synthetic lubrication it just doesn’t make any sense to use petroleum oil, yet every day millions of people still do, because they don’t know the facts. After years of trying to convince certain manufacturers to use a high quality extended drain interval synthetic in the U.S. I have concluded that it will most likely not happen due to reasons other than technical and engineering issues. In my opinion these issues center around cost, profits, service work, parts sales and product life cycle issues. Therefore, I have written this comprehensive book so people all over can benefit from this valuable information. This book will provide complete technical information on critical lubrication principles, synthetic and petroleum motor oils and filtration in an easy to understand format. You do not have to be a technician or engineer to benefit from this book. I have carefully written each section to provide the most important facts and details that you need to know in an easily understandable format. My Guarantee to You After completion of this book you will have learned everything you need to know about petroleum motor oil, synthetic motor oil and filtration and will be able to immediately benefit from the information gained. Your vehicles and equipment will last longer and perform better and you will save thousands of dollars in oil changes, repairs and new vehicle purchases in addition to large time-savings both now and into the future. In addition you will also have access to my toll free number and email for any technical questions. The industries that survive on performing regular oil changes or 3000 mile-oil changes are counting on you not learning what is inside this eye opening extremely informative technical book authored by myself, Dave Mann, a leading Lubrication Specialist and Truck/Automotive Engineer. I’ve spent many years in the OEM (Original Equipment Manufacture) vehicle industry while being directed to engineer components and systems to meet specific cost and performance targets. In order to meet these targets I felt like my creativity and durability mindset was being stifled. I prefer to engineer things so that as long as they are properly maintained and serviced the parts will not wear-out, regardless of how long the vehicle is kept or how many miles it has on it. I felt like I constantly had to balance cost, weight and performance to meet specific targets, which I personally did not agree with. My primary goal is to achieve exceptional durability regardless of cost or weight and that customers would pay extra for this exceptional durability. However, since I did not have influence to direct engineering in this manner I utilized synthetic lubrication