v 2019 REPORT ON HATE INCIDENTS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY 2019 REPORT ON HATE INCIDENTS IN THE BASQUE COUNTRY UNESCO Chair for Human Rights and Public Authorities University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) Direction and coordination: Prof. Dr. Jon-Mirena LANDA GOROSTIZA (Dir.) Prof. Dr. Enara GARRO CARRERA (Coord.) Working Group: Mikel ANDEREZ BELATEGI Bertha GAZTELUMENDI CABALLERO Iñigo GORDON BENITO Uxue MARTÍN SILVA Lore MENDIZABAL ZUBIAURRE Department of Security Basque Government Vitoria-Gasteiz/Leioa, March 2020 1 Contents ABBREVIATIONS ......................................................................................................... 4 INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 5 1. HATE INCIDENTS IN 2019 .................................................................................. 7 1.1 DISTRIBUTION OF HATE CRIMES............................................................................ 8 1.1.1 Classification of hate crimes by crime type ....................................................................... 10 1.1.2. Spatial distribution of hate crimes ..................................................................................... 12 1.1.3. Temporal distribution of hate crimes ................................................................................ 17 1.2. DISTRIBUTION OF CHARGES ................................................................................. 19 1.3. DISTRIBUTION OF ARRESTS .................................................................................. 25 1.4. DISTRIBUTION OF VICTIMIZATIONS .................................................................. 28 1.5. DISTRIBUTION OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFENCES ........................................... 34 1.6. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 39 1.6.1. Total number of incidents ................................................................................................. 39 1.6.2. Map of target groups of incidents...................................................................................... 40 1.6.3. Crime types ....................................................................................................................... 40 1.6.4. Spatial-temporal distribution, persons under investigation, arrested persons and victims of hate crimes .................................................................................................................................. 41 1.6.5. The hate map of the Basque Country within the context of the State ............................... 42 2. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS WITH SCOTLAND AND NORTHERN IRELAND ...................................................................................................................... 46 2.1. SCOTLAND .................................................................................................................... 46 2.1.1. Legislative equivalents ...................................................................................................... 46 2.1.2. Sectarianism and other possible forms of tackling political prejudice in the current and future legislation on hate crime ................................................................................................... 50 2.1.3. Synthesis of the evolution of the analysis of the empirical reality .................................... 53 2.1.4. Hate incidents (2018/19) ................................................................................................... 57 2.1.5. Other sources of official data ............................................................................................ 60 2.2. NORTHERN IRELAND ............................................................................................... 66 2.2.1. Legislative equivalents ...................................................................................................... 66 2.2.2. Sectarianism and other possible forms of tackling political prejudice in the current and future legislation on hate crime ................................................................................................... 68 2 2.2.3. Synthesis of the evolution of the analysis of the empirical reality .................................... 71 2.2.4. Hate incidents (2018/19) ................................................................................................... 74 2.2.5. Other sources of official data: Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland and sentencing. ................................................................................................................................... 77 2.3. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................................ 79 3. GENDER-BASED HATE CRIMES AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE ...... 83 3.1. INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................... 83 3.2. GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN THE CRIMINAL LEGISLATION .................. 84 3.2.1. The concept of gender-based violence in the criminal legislation .................................... 84 3.2.2. Gender-based violence crimes .......................................................................................... 87 3.2.3. General requirements for the application of gender-based violence crimes under the current case law ........................................................................................................................... 93 3.3. GENDER-BASED HATE CRIMES ............................................................................ 97 3.4. THE REGULATION OF GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE IN THE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY ...................................................................................... 102 3.5. CONCLUSIONS .......................................................................................................... 104 4. SYNTHESIS AND FINAL CONCLUSIONS ...................................................... 108 BIBLIOGRAPHY ....................................................................................................... 111 CASE LAW CONSULTED ....................................................................................... 114 LIST OF FIGURES .................................................................................................... 116 APPENDIX I. MAJOR CASES IN THE PRESS IN 2019 ...................................... 118 APPENDIX II. EXTRACTS FROM THE 2019 REPORT OF THE CHIEF PROSECUTOR OF THE BASQUE AUTONOMOUS COMMUNITY AND THE PROSECUTOR GENERAL OF THE STATE (YEAR 2018). .............................. 163 3 ABBREVIATIONS ACPOS Association of Chief Police Officers in Scotland AGIFUGI Romani Association for the Future of Gipuzkoa Sec. Section AP Provincial Court APNI Alliance Party of Northern Ireland art. Article arts. Articles BOE Official Gazette of the State CAPV Autonomous Community of the Basque Country CCOO Comisiones Obreras trade union CDA Crime and Disorder Act 1998 (United Kingdom) CEAR Spanish Commission for Refugees CHS Criminal History System (Scotland) CITE Information Centre for Foreign Workers CJNIO Criminal Justice (No. 2) (Northern Ireland) Order 2004 (Northern Ireland) CJSA Criminal Justice (Scotland) Act 2003 (Scotland) CLCS Criminal Law (Consolidation) (Scotland) Act 1995 (Scotland) CMS Crime Management System (Scotland) COPFS Crown Office and Procurator Fiscal Service (Scotland) CP Criminal Code of 1995 CRMS Contact Record Management System (Northern Ireland) ICIS Integrated Crime Information System (Northern Ireland) INE National Institute of Statistics (Spain) IVPD Interim Vulnerable Persons Database (Scotland) JANI Justice Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 (Northern Ireland) LeCrim Code of Criminal Procedure LGTB(I) Lesbian, Gay, Transgender and Bisexual and Intersex LO Organic Law M Million n Number of cases NIHRC Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission OAPSA Offences (Aggravation by Prejudice) (Scotland) Act 2009 OBFTCSA Offensive Behaviour at Football and Threatening Communications (Scotland) Act 2012 OCMT Occurrence & Case Management Teams (Northern Ireland) POA Public Order Act 1986 (United Kingdom) PONIO Public Order (Northern Ireland) Order 1987 PPS Public Prosecution Service for Northern Ireland App. Appeal RJ Aranzadi Compilation of Jurisprudence SCRS Scottish Crime Recording Standard ff. following STC Sentence of the Constitutional Court (Spain) STS Sentence of the Supreme Court (Spain) STORM System for Tasking and Operational Resource Management (Scotland) UUP Ulster Unionist Party 4 INTRODUCTION Since the 2017 Report on Hate Incidents in the Basque Country was presented at the Basque Parliament (Institutions, Security and Public Governance Commission) on 4 June 2018 and they ratified the commitment to and convenience of its annual continuance (subsequently instrumented through the corresponding Agreement1) 2019 is the third consecutive year that this document has been produced. First of all, it is important to point out that the Report aims at improving the knowledge, prevention and most effective eradication of hate crime in the medium and long term. Secondly, it seeks to facilitate the coordination with legal operators and contribute to transferring hate crime work experience to international authorities. Therefore, this third Report on Hate Incidents in the Basque Country corresponds to the period from 1 January to 31 December 2019 and, like the previous reports, it addresses