V5.4.0.3 cover Front cover Fundamentals of Cloud Computing (Course code WS009 / VS009) Student Notebook ERC 1.0 WebSphere Education Student Notebook Trademarks IBM® and the IBM logo are registered trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation. The following are trademarks of International Business Machines Corporation, registered in many jurisdictions worldwide: AIX® AppScan® Cognos® DataPower® DB2® Express™ Jazz™ Lotus® PowerVM™ Proventia® Rational® Rational Team Concert™ SP™ System p® System x™ System z® Tivoli® Virtual Patch® WebSphere® z/VM® VMware® and the VMware “boxes” logo and design, Virtual SMP and VMotion are registered trademarks or trademarks (the “Marks”) of VMware, Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. Java and all Java-based trademarks and logos are trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States, other countries, or both. Linux® is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States, other countries, or both. UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group in the United States and other countries. Other company, product, or service names may be trademarks or service marks of others. November 2010 edition The information contained in this document has not been submitted to any formal IBM test and is distributed on an “as is” basis without any warranty either express or implied. The use of this information or the implementation of any of these techniques is a customer responsibility and depends on the customer’s ability to evaluate and integrate them into the customer’s operational environment. While each item may have been reviewed by IBM for accuracy in a specific situation, there is no guarantee that the same or similar results will result elsewhere. Customers attempting to adapt these techniques to their own environments do so at their own risk. © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 2010. This document may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. V5.4.0.3 Student Notebook TOC Contents Trademarks . ix Course description . xi Agenda . xiii Unit 1. Overview of cloud computing . 1-1 Unit objectives . 1-2 What is a cloud? . 1-3 Definition of cloud . 1-4 Definition of cloud computing . 1-5 Key characteristics of cloud computing (1 of 2) . 1-6 Key characteristics of cloud computing (2 of 2) . 1-7 Why use clouds? . 1-8 How clouds are changing industry . 1-10 How clouds are changing IT . 1-11 Driving factors towards cloud computing (1 of 2) . 1-13 Driving factors towards cloud computing (2 of 2) . 1-14 Concerns related to cloud computing . 1-15 Other technologies that can be used in cloud computing . 1-16 Comparing grid with cloud computing . 1-18 Public clouds (commercial) . 1-19 Unit summary . 1-20 Checkpoint . 1-21 Checkpoint answers . 1-22 Unit 2. Cloud computing concepts . 2-1 Unit objectives . 2-2 Topics . 2-3 2.1. Concepts of cloud computing . 2-5 Concepts of cloud computing . 2-6 Cloud computing leverages the Internet . 2-7 Positioning cloud to a grid infrastructure . 2-8 Elasticity and scalability . 2-9 Elastic use of resources . 2-10 Virtualization . 2-11 What can be virtualized? . 2-12 Characteristics of virtualization . 2-13 Benefits of virtualization . 2-15 Virtualization in cloud computing . 2-17 Hypervisors . 2-18 Comparing non-virtualized versus virtualized systems . 2-20 Type 1 hypervisors . 2-21 Type 2 hypervisors . 2-22 ©Copyright IBM Corp. 2010 Contents iii Course materials may not be reproduced in whole or in part without the prior written permission of IBM. Student Notebook Provisioning and deprovisioning . .2-23 Multitenancy . .2-24 Types of tenancy . .2-25 Application programming interfaces (API) . .2-26 Billing and metering of services . .2-27 Economies of scale . .2-29 2.2. Management, tooling, and automation in cloud computing . .2-31 Management, tooling, and automation in cloud computing . .2-32 Management: Governance . .2-33 Governance: Risk list . .2-34 Management: Desktops in the cloud . .2-35 Management: Managing devices in the cloud (1 of 2) . .2-37 Management: Managing devices in the cloud (2 of 2) . .2-39 Tooling . .2-41 Automation . .2-43 Security . .2-44 Unit summary . .2-45 Checkpoint . .2-46 Checkpoint answers . .2-47 Unit 3. Cloud service delivery models . .3-1 Unit objectives . .3-2 Cloud service models . .3-3 Cloud service model architectures . .3-5 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) architecture . .3-7 Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) details . .3-8 Platform as a service (PaaS) architecture . .3-9 Platform as a service (PaaS) details . .3-10 Platform as a service (PaaS) patterns . .3-11 Examples of PaaS software . .3-12 Software as a service (SaaS) architecture . .3-13 Software as.