IMPACT OF PROPOSED RUBBER DAM IN MOHANANDA RIVER AT CHAPAI NAWABGANJ DISTRICT ON ADJACENT GROUNDWATER SONDIPON PAUL STUDENT ID: 0412162056 P DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY DHAKA-1000, BANGLADESH JANUARY 2017 IMPACT OF PROPOSED RUBBER DAM IN MOHANANDA RIVER AT CHAPAI NAWABGANJ DISTRICT ON ADJACENT GROUNDWATER SUBMITTED BY SONDIPON PAUL STUDENT ID: 0412162056 P A thesis submitted to the Department of Water Resources Engineering of Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Water Resources Engineering DEPARTMENT OF WATER RESOURCES ENGINEERING, BANGLADESH UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY, BUET, DHAKA JANUARY 2017 CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL The thesis titled "Impact of Proposed Rubber Dam in Mohananda River at Chapai Nawabganj District on Adjacent Groundwater”, submitted by Sondipon Paul, Student ID: 0412162056 P, Session April 2012, has been accepted as satisfactory in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Science in Water Resources Engineering on 23 January, 2017. Dr. Md. Sabbir Mostafa Khan Chairman of the Committee Professor (Supervisor) Department of WRE, BUET, Dhaka. Dr. Md. Ataur Rahman Member (Ex-Officio) Professor and Head Department of WRE, BUET, Dhaka. Dr. Anika Yunus Member Associate Professor Department of WRE, BUET, Dhaka. Sardar M Shah-Newaz Member (External) Director Irrigation Management Division, IWM, Dhaka i DECLARATION It is hereby declared that this thesis work or any part of it has not been submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree or diploma. Signature of the Author Sondipon Paul ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No CERTIFICATION OF APPROVAL i DECLARATION ii TABLE OF CONTENTS iii LIST OF FIGURE vi LIST OF TABLE viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION ix ACKNOWLEDGEMENT xi ABSTRACT xii CHPATER 1 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 General 1 1.2 Background of the Study 1 1.3 Objectives of the Study 4 1.4 Scope of Works 4 1.5 Expected Outputs 4 1.6 Structure of the Thesis 4 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW 5 2.1 General 5 2.2 River System 5 2.3 Surface Water Resources in Study Area 5 2.4 Groundwater Resources in the Study Area 7 2.5 Impact of Climate Change 9 2.6 Analytical Approach 10 2.7 Mathematical Modelling Approach 12 2.8 Impact of Surface Water Irrigation 14 CHAPTER 3 DATA COLLECTION 16 3.1 Hydro-meteorological Data 16 3.1.1 Rainfall 16 3.1.2 Evaporation 17 3.2 Hydrological Data 17 3.2.1 Surface Water Level 17 3.2.2 Discharge 18 3.3 Hydro-geological Data 19 3.3.1 Groundwater Level 19 3.3.2 Borelog Data 21 3.3.3 Aquifer Properties 25 3.4 Land Use and Soil Data 26 3.5 Topography Data 28 3.6 River Cross-section Data 28 iii 3.7 LLP Irrigation Data 30 CHAPTER 4 MODELLING STUDY 32 4.1 Approach & Methodology 32 4.2 Surface Water Model 34 4.2.1 Rainfall-Runoff Model 34 4.2.2 Hydro-dynamic Model 35 4.3 Groundwater Model 37 4.3.1 Model Area 37 4.3.2 Model Setup 37 4.3.3 Simulation Specification 37 4.3.4 Model Domain and Grid Size 37 4.3.5 Topography 38 4.3.6 Precipitation 39 4.3.7 Evapotranspiration 40 4.3.8 Land Use 40 4.3.9 River Systems 41 4.3.10 Overland Flow 41 4.3.11 Unsaturated Zone 41 4.3.12 Saturated Zone 41 4.3.13 Geology and Hydrogeology 41 4.3.14 Computational Layers 42 4.3.15 Initial Condition of Groundwater Level 45 4.3.16 Boundary Condition 45 4.3.17 Drainage 46 4.3.18 Pumping wells and Abstractions 46 4.3.19 Spatial and Vertical Discretization 47 4.3.20 Coupling of Surface Water and Groundwater Model 47 4.3.21 Calibration and Validation 47 4.4 Climate Change Scenario 49 4.5 Option Formulation 50 CHAPTER 5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 52 5.1 Existing Groundwater level and Trend Analysis 52 5.1.1 Chapai Nawabganj Upazila 53 5.1.2 Shibganj Upazila 55 5.1.3 Nachole Upazila 57 5.1.4 Godagari Upazila 58 5.2 Present Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Level 60 5.3 Future Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Level for Option-1 60 5.4 Future Spatial Distribution of Groundwater Level for Option-2 62 5.5 Comparison of GWL between Option-1 and Option-2 63 5.6 River – Aquifer Interaction 64 iv 5.7 Impact of Surface Water Irrigation on Groundwater 66 5.8 Influence Area for Surface Water Irrigation 67 CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 69 6.1 General 69 6.2 Conclusions 69 6.3 Limitations 70 CHAPTER 7 REFERENCES 71 v LIST OF FIGURE Page No Figure 1.1 Base Map for the Study Area 3 Figure 3.1 Comparison of Yearly Sum of Rainfall 16 Figure 3.2 Water Level Hydrograph at Chapai Nawabganj on Mohananda 18 River Figure 3.3 Discharge Hydrograph at Chapai Nawabganj on Mohananda 18 River Figure 3.4 Groundwater Level Monitoring Well Locations Map 19 Figure 3.5 Groundwater Level Hydrograph at GT7066016 Station 20 Figure 3.6 Borelog Location Map 21 Figure 3.7 Location Map of Aquifer Test Data Collection 26 Figure 3.8 Landuse Map 27 Figure 3.9 Soil Distribution Map 27 Figure 3.10 Topography Map 28 Figure 3.11 Location of Cross-section at Mohananda River 28 Figure 3.12 Sample Plot of Cross-sections 29 Figure 3.13 LLP Irrigation Area Map 30 Figure 4.1 Schematic Diagram of MIKE 11-MIKE SHE Interactive 32 Modelling System Figure 4.2 Approach and Methodology of the Modeling Study 33 Figure 4.3 Catchment Delineation for Rainfall-Runoff Model Setup 34 Figure 4.4 Schematized River System of the 1-D River Flow Model 35 Figure 4.5 Water Level Calibration at Chapai Nawabganj Station 36 Figure 4.6 Discharge Calibration at Chapai Nawabganj Station 37 Figure 4.7 Groundwater Model Domain in 100m Grid Cells 38 Figure 4.8 Topography Map 39 Figure 4.9 Thiessen Polygon for Rainfall Stations in the Model Area 40 Figure 4.10 Horizontal Hydraulic Conductivity of Upper Aquifer 42 Figure 4.11 Vertical Discretization of MIKE SHE Model 44 Figure 4.12 Initial Potential Head in the Model Area 45 Figure 4.13 Boundary Wells Location in the Model 46 Figure 4.14 Distribution of Calibration Wells in the Model Area 48 Figure 4.15 Groundwater Calibration for Well GT7066013 49 Figure 4.16 Groundwater Calibration for Well GT7066016 49 Figure 5.1 Map Showing the Locations of Groundwater Wells used in 52 Trend Analysis Figure 5.2 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7066014 53 Figure 5.3 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7066013 53 Figure 5.4 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7066012 54 Figure 5.5 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7066016 54 Figure 5.6 Change in STW and DTW at Nawabganj Upazila 54 Figure 5.7 Change in Annual Rainfall and Trend in Nawabganj Upazila 55 Figure 5.8 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7088022 55 Figure 5.9 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7088025 56 Figure 5.10 Change in STW and DTW at Shibganj Upazila 56 Figure 5.11 Change in Annual Rainfall and Trend in Shibganj Upazila 56 vi Figure 5.12 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7056011 57 Figure 5.13 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT7056010 57 Figure 5.14 Change in STW and DTW at Nachole Upazila 58 Figure 5.15 Change in Annual Rainfall and Trend in Nachole Upazila 58 Figure 5.16 Groundwater Level Hydrograph and Trend for GT8134019 59 Figure 5.17 Change in STW and DTW at Godagari Upazila 59 Figure 5.18 Change in Annual Rainfall and Trend in Godagari Upazila 59 Figure 5.19 Head Elevation in Saturated Zone (Upper Aquifer) on 60 27/05/2013 Figure 5.20 Contour Map of GWL on 27/05/2020 61 Figure 5.21 Contour Map of GWL on 27/05/2029 61 Figure 5.22 Contour Map of GWL on 27/05/2020 62 Figure 5.23 Contour Map of GWL on 27/05/2030 62 Figure 5.24 Difference between GWL for Option-1 and Option-2 in 2020 63 (Left) and Option-1 and Option-2 in 2029 (Right) Figure 5.25 Difference between GWL for Option-1 and Option-2 in 2020 63 (Left) and Option-1 and Option-2 in 2029 (Right) Figure 5.26 Comparison of River-Aquifer Interaction between Option 1 & 2 64 in 2020 Figure 5.27 Comparison of River-Aquifer Interaction between Option 1 & 2 65 in 2029 Figure 5.28 Longterm Simulation of Well GT7066013 66 Figure 5.29 Longterm Simulation of Well GT7066016 66 Figure 5.30 Comparison of GWL with Base Condition (Year 2013) 67 Figure 5.31 Comparison of Influence Area for 2020 and 2029 67 vii LIST OF TABLE Page No Table 2.1 Case Studies of Groundwater Irrigation Systems that have Mostly 12 been Over Allocated and Actions Taken to Support Ongoing Irrigation Table 3.1 List of BWDB Rainfall Stations 16 Table 3.2 List of Evaporation Station 17 Table 3.3 List of Water Level Station 17 Table 3.4 List of Discharge Stations 18 Table 3.5 List of Groundwater Level Monitoring Station 20 Table 3.6 Reduce Level of Bottom of Geological Layers 21 Table 3.7 Upazila wise Aquifer Thickness 25 Table 3.8 Aquifer Test Results for Nawabganj District 26 Table 3.9 List of Cross Section Data Collected 29 Table 3.10 Area (Present and Future) of LLP Schemes, at U/S of Rubber Dam 31 Table 4.1 Distribution of Catchment Area 35 Table 4.2 List of Boundary Stations 36 Table 4.3 Vertical Discretization of Unsaturated Zone 41 Table 4.4 Model Selection Based on 10th and 90th Percentile Values of 50 Projected Changes in P and T from 1961-1990 to 2021-2050 Table 4.5 Description of Options 51 Table 5.1 Groundwater Level Lowering Classification 52 Table 5.2 River-Aquifer Interaction Volume 65 viii ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATION 1-D 1-Dimensional 2-D 2-Dimensional BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation BBS Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics BIWTA Bangladesh Inland Water Transport Authority BM Bench Mark BMDA Barind Multipurpose Development Authority BTM Bangladesh Transverse Mercator BUET Bangladesh University of Engineering