IAEA-TECDOC-1822 IAEA-TECDOC-1822 IAEA TECDOC SERIES Development of a Reference Database for Particle Induced Gamma Ray Emission (PIGE) Spectroscopy Development of a Reference Database for Particle IAEA-TECDOC-1822 Development of a Reference Database for Particle Induced Gamma Ray Emission (PIGE) Spectroscopy International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna ISBN 978–92–0–106317–5 ISSN 1011–4289 @ pc7209_TE-1822_cover.indd 1-3 2017-08-29 17:40:40 DEVELOPMENT OF A REFERENCE DATABASE FOR PARTICLE INDUCED GAMMA RAY EMISSION (PIGE) SPECTROSCOPY The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN GEORGIA OMAN ALBANIA GERMANY PAKISTAN ALGERIA GHANA PALAU ANGOLA GREECE PANAMA ANTIGUA AND BARBUDA GUATEMALA PAPUA NEW GUINEA ARGENTINA GUYANA PARAGUAY ARMENIA HAITI PERU AUSTRALIA HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES AUSTRIA HONDURAS POLAND AZERBAIJAN HUNGARY PORTUGAL BAHAMAS ICELAND QATAR BAHRAIN INDIA REPUBLIC OF MOLDOVA BANGLADESH INDONESIA ROMANIA BARBADOS IRAN, ISLAMIC REPUBLIC OF RUSSIAN FEDERATION BELARUS IRAQ RWANDA BELGIUM IRELAND SAN MARINO BELIZE ISRAEL SAUDI ARABIA BENIN ITALY SENEGAL BOLIVIA, PLURINATIONAL JAMAICA SERBIA STATE OF JAPAN SEYCHELLES BOSNIA AND HERZEGOVINA JORDAN SIERRA LEONE BOTSWANA KAZAKHSTAN SINGAPORE BRAZIL KENYA SLOVAKIA BRUNEI DARUSSALAM KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SLOVENIA BULGARIA KUWAIT SOUTH AFRICA BURKINA FASO KYRGYZSTAN SPAIN BURUNDI LAO PEOPLE’S DEMOCRATIC SRI LANKA CAMBODIA REPUBLIC SUDAN CAMEROON LATVIA SWAZILAND CANADA LEBANON SWEDEN CENTRAL AFRICAN LESOTHO SWITZERLAND REPUBLIC LIBERIA SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC CHAD LIBYA TAJIKISTAN CHILE LIECHTENSTEIN THAILAND CHINA LITHUANIA THE FORMER YUGOSLAV COLOMBIA LUXEMBOURG REPUBLIC OF MACEDONIA CONGO MADAGASCAR TOGO COSTA RICA MALAWI TRINIDAD AND TOBAGO CÔTE D’IVOIRE MALAYSIA TUNISIA CROATIA MALI TURKEY CUBA MALTA TURKMENISTAN CYPRUS MARSHALL ISLANDS UGANDA CZECH REPUBLIC MAURITANIA UKRAINE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED ARAB EMIRATES OF THE CONGO MEXICO UNITED KINGDOM OF DENMARK MONACO GREAT BRITAIN AND DJIBOUTI MONGOLIA NORTHERN IRELAND DOMINICA MONTENEGRO UNITED REPUBLIC DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MOROCCO OF TANZANIA ECUADOR MOZAMBIQUE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA EGYPT MYANMAR URUGUAY EL SALVADOR NAMIBIA UZBEKISTAN ERITREA NEPAL VANUATU ESTONIA NETHERLANDS VENEZUELA, BOLIVARIAN ETHIOPIA NEW ZEALAND REPUBLIC OF FIJI NICARAGUA VIET NAM FINLAND NIGER YEMEN FRANCE NIGERIA ZAMBIA GABON NORWAY ZIMBABWE The Agency’s Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957. The Headquarters of the Agency are situated in Vienna. Its principal objective is “to accelerate and enlarge the contribution of atomic energy to peace, health and prosperity throughout the world’’. IAEA-TECDOC-1822 DEVELOPMENT OF A REFERENCE DATABASE FOR PARTICLE INDUCED GAMMA RAY EMISSION (PIGE) SPECTROSCOPY INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY VIENNA, 2017 COPYRIGHT NOTICE All IAEA scientific and technical publications are protected by the terms of the Universal Copyright Convention as adopted in 1952 (Berne) and as revised in 1972 (Paris). The copyright has since been extended by the World Intellectual Property Organization (Geneva) to include electronic and virtual intellectual property. Permission to use whole or parts of texts contained in IAEA publications in printed or electronic form must be obtained and is usually subject to royalty agreements. Proposals for non-commercial reproductions and translations are welcomed and considered on a case-by-case basis. Enquiries should be addressed to the IAEA Publishing Section at: Marketing and Sales Unit, Publishing Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria fax: +43 1 2600 29302 tel.: +43 1 2600 22417 email: [email protected] http://www.iaea.org/books For further information on this publication, please contact: Nuclear Data Section International Atomic Energy Agency Vienna International Centre PO Box 100 1400 Vienna, Austria Email: [email protected] © IAEA, 2017 Printed by the IAEA in Austria September 2017 IAEA Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Names: International Atomic Energy Agency. Title: Development of a reference database for particle induced gamma ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy / International Atomic Energy Agency. Description: Vienna : International Atomic Energy Agency, 2017. | Series: IAEA TECDOC series, ISSN 1011–4289 ; no. 1822 | Includes bibliographical references. Identifiers: IAEAL 17-01109 | ISBN 978–92–0–106317–5 (paperback : alk. paper) Subjects: LCSH: Nuclear reactions. | Ion bombardment. | Cross sections (Nuclear physics). | Gamma ray spectrometry. FOREWORD Providing nuclear data for use in ion beam analysis (IBA) has been a significant part of the IAEA mission to provide its Member States with reliable nuclear data for energy and non-energy applications. The modern analytical techniques that make use of ion beams are used in a broad range of applications, including microelectronics, cultural heritage studies, forensics, biology and materials sciences. These techniques are also employed in the development of fusion technologies to study and test structural materials. In response to the growing need for a systematic and traceable compilation of nuclear reaction data for IBA purposes, the IAEA held a coordinated research project (CRP) from 2005 to 2010, entitled Development of a Reference Database for Ion Beam Analysis. The CRP produced the Ion Beam Analysis Nuclear Data Library (IBANDL), which has since served the IBA community by making readily available all existing and published experimental data on charged particle elastic scattering and nuclear reaction cross-sections. However, the goal of making IBANDL a comprehensive database was not fully reached, since cross-section data for nuclear reactions that produce gamma rays were not taken into consideration. At that time, particle induced gamma ray emission (PIGE) spectroscopy, a powerful analytical technique that employs ion beams, had not been developed to its full potential, mainly owing to the lack of consistent and reliable cross-section data. Given these circumstances, the IAEA initiated a second CRP, entitled Development of a Reference Database for Particle-Induced Gamma-ray Emission (PIGE) Spectroscopy. The project produced new measurements, to resolve existing discrepancies and to fill in the gaps in existing data. It also determined the accuracy and precision limits of the PIGE analysis technique and set the groundwork for the full development of the standardless PIGE by making available a PIGE simulation computer program. IBANDL now contains the majority of the existing experimental cross-section data for IBA and, going forward, will require only regular updates in the form of routine maintenance. The IAEA wishes to thank the participants of the CRP for their contributions both to the extension of IBANDL for PIGE analysis and to the present publication. The IAEA is grateful to M. Stanley (United States of America), who contributed significantly to the preparation of the publication. The IAEA officer responsible for this publication was P. Dimitriou of the Division of Physical and Chemical Sciences. EDITORIAL NOTE This publication has been prepared from the original material as submitted by the contributors and has not been edited by the editorial staff of the IAEA. The views expressed remain the responsibility of the contributors and do not necessarily represent the views of the IAEA or its Member States. Neither the IAEA nor its Member States assume any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of this publication. This publication does not address questions of responsibility, legal or otherwise, for acts or omissions on the part of any person. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. The IAEA has no responsibility for the persistence or accuracy of URLs for external or third party Internet web sites referred to in this publication and does not guarantee that any content on such web sites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate. CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 1.1. BACKGROUND ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. OBJECTIVE .................................................................................................... 2 1.3. SCOPE ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3.1. Compilation of existing data ................................................................. 2 1.3.2. New measurements............................................................................... 2 1.3.3. Co-ordinated Measurements ................................................................. 3 1.3.4. Evaluations of PIGE cross-sections ...................................................... 3 1.3.5. PIGE Analysis Code ............................................................................