Instantons in Deformed Supersymmetric Gauge Theories Shin Sasaki (University of Helsinki) Based on the work [hep[hep--th/th/0705.35320705.3532, JHEP 07 (2007) 068 ] (K.Ito, H.Nakajima and S.S) Closed string background and deformed SYM theories Constant NS-NS 2-form ÆNoncommutative SYM theory in D-brane world- volume [Seiberg-Witten (1999)] Constant R-R ÆSYM theory in deformed geometry (non(anti)commutative superspace) [Ooguri -Va fa, Se iberg (2003)] We focus on deformed SYM theories defined on D-branes w.v. in the presence of R-R backgrounds SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 2 R-R backgrounds in IIB string theory SfSelf-dual R-R 5-ffform field strength Ædeffformation of superspace geometries N=2 non-singgyletly deformed harmonic N=1 superspace deformation superspace from open string amplitudes [Ooguri-Vafa, Seiberg (2003)] [Ito-S.S (2006)] N= 4 superspace deformation from open string amplitudes [Ito-Kobayashi-S.S (2006)] R-R 1-form Æ deformation of superspace geometry with specific structure N=2 (N=4) singletly deformed harmonic superspaces (v.o. charge conservation) R-R3R 3-form deformation? Æ [Ito-NkjiNakajima-S. S. (2007)] 3 D3/D(-1) system and instantons ADHM construction = Systematic construction of instantons in gauge theories [Atiyah-Hitchin-Drinfeld-Manin (1978)] ADHM construction of instantons in SYM Æ D3/D-instanton brane configuration U(N), k-instanton = k D(-1), N D3 D3/D(-1), D(-1)/D(-1) open string Æ ADHM moduli k D(-1)-branes instanton effective action of 4D SYM theory Æ D(-1)-bfftitibrane effective action N D3-branes SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 4 D-instanton effective action with SD R- R 3-form background D3/D(-1) with self-dual R-R 3-form bkg. (N=2 ggpraviphoton bk g)g. ) D-instanton effective action = Deformed instaton effective action Æ -background deformation of N=2 instanton effective action [Billo-Frau-Fucito-Lerda (2006)] ÆBRST exact after topological twisting Ælocalization technique for moduli space integration of instanton partition function Explicit calculation of instanton p.f. [Nekrasov-Okounkov (2003)] R-R backgrounds naturally regularize the moduli space integration 5 Deformed SYM in the presence of SD 3-form R-R bkg. [Ito-Nakajima-S.S (()]2007)] Filed theory calculations of deformed instantons (consistency check) Deformed SYM theory in the presence of self-dual R-R3R 3-form background Æ Open string disk amplitudes with closed string vertex insertion (NSR-formalism) R-R vertex operator deformed action open string vertex operator RR correction SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 6 N=4 SYM in the presence or self-dual R-R 3-form bkg. Euclidean D3-branes in Æ N=4 U(N) SYM Self-dual R-R3R 3-form field strength background N=2 graviphoton and vector-like backgrounds are unified into N=4 graviphoton background AllifAll informa tion o fN2iif N=2 is inc lddithN4luded in the N=4 # of non-zero disk amplitudes to calculate is less than N=2 case SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 7 N=4 oppgen/closed string vertex operators note: closed string left and right mover are identified by boundary condition [Billo-Frau-Pesando-Lerda (2004)] Non-zero amplitudes— selection rules (I) Charge cance lla tion com bina tion (II) power counting Disk normalization + Zero-slope scaling vertex operators (III) Lorentz and internal index structure Ex. There are three non-vanishing contributions SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 9 Deformed N=4 SYM action Zero-slope limit Æ N=4 deformed action Suppyersymmetr y and consistec y with the Myers action Remaining deformed SUSY Myers action Self-dual 3-form (and its dual 7-form) Bosonic part is consistent with the deformed action derived from amplitudes calculation 11 N= 4 ADHM so lu tion [K.Ito, H.Nakajima, S.S, work in progress] From the deformed action , instanton equation and its solution are obtained N=4 ADHM solution : ADHM moduli 12 ADHM cons tra in t ADHM constraint Constraint on SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 13 Comment on mass deformation (R-R 3-form with internal SD condition) Mass deformation of the instanton effective action can be achieved by Another type of R-R3R 3-form backgorund (self-dual in internal space) for appropriate mass matrix background SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 14 N=4 Æ N=2 reduction Set-up Orbifolding D3/D3 Vertex operator projection ÆU(N) N=2 SYM on the branes N (fractional) D3-branes at orbifold fixed point CttConstant grav ihtbkiphoton backgroun d Vector-like background (after orbifold projection) N4N=4 Æ N2bN=2 bac kgroun ddd decompos ition graviphoton Vector bkg. 15 N=4 Æ N=2 reduction N=4 Æ N=2 orbifold projection for open string v.o. SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 16 Amplitudes reduction Ægraviphoton + vector-like background SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 17 Deformed N=2 SYM : SUSY Supersymmetry is deformed and the number of SUSY is depen den t on the ran k o f the bac kgorun d SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 18 Deformed ADHM from deformed SYM [K.Ito, H.Nakajima, S.S, work in progress] ADHM solution Deformed constraint 19 Instanton effective action Instanton effective action [Billo-Frau-Fucito-Lerda (2006)] ÆPrecisely reproduces D-D-instantoninstanton effective action in the presence of Omega-background (up to term) R-R deformed N=2 instanton Ù N=2 Omega-background effective action ? R-R deformed N=1,4 instanton Ù N=1,4 Omega-background effective action [K.Ito, H.Nakajima and S.S, work in progress] Summary and future work Derived deformed N=4 SYM action that correctly reproduces NN2=2D3/D( D3/D(-1) system with self-dual R-R background and also omega-background deformation of instanton effective action ADHM solution in the deformed N=2 , 4 SYM is found Gravitational correction to instanton solutions [future work] Perform complete calculation of N=4 instanton effective action an d fin d the s im ilar ity w ith N= 2 de forme d instanton calculus N=1 generalization 21 SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 22 Omega-background deformation 6D Omega-background Omega-deformed N=2 SYM Æ Deformed instanton effective action BRST-exact after topological twisting ÆApplicable localization technique in moduli space integration ÆInstanton partition function can be calculated [Nekrasov-Okounkov (2004)] SUSY07 : 31 July@ Karlsruhe 23.