Recent trends in abundance of Peary Caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) and Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut Deborah A. Jenkins1 Mitch Campbell2 Grigor Hope 3 Jaylene Goorts1 Philip McLoughlin4 1Wildlife Research Section, Department of Environment, P.O. Box 400, Pond Inlet, NU X0A 0S0 2 Wildlife Research Section, Department of Environment, P.O. Box 400, Arviat NU X0A 0S0 3Department of Community and Government Services P.O. Box 379, Pond Inlet, NU X0A 0S0 4Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E2 2011 Wildlife Report, No.1, Version 2 i Jenkins et al. 2011. Recent trends in abundance of Peary Caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi) and Muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, Nunavut. Department of Environment, Government of Nunavut, Wildlife Report No. 1, Pond Inlet, Nunavut. 184 pp. RECOMMENDATIONS TO GOVERNMENT i ABSTRACT Updated information on the distribution and abundance for Peary caribou on Nunavut’s High Arctic Islands estimates an across-island total of about 4,000 (aged 10 months or older) with variable trends in abundance between islands. The total abundance of muskoxen is estimated at 17,500 (aged one year or older). The estimates are from a multi-year survey program designed to address information gaps as previous information was up to 50 years old. Information from this study supports the development of Inuit Qaujimajatuqangit (IQ)- and scientifically-based management and monitoring plans. It also contributes to recovery planning as required under the 2011 addition of Peary caribou to Schedule 1 of the federal Species At Risk Act based on the 2004 national assessment as Endangered. The population estimates are mostly based on line transect distance sampling methods designed to increase survey accuracy. The survey estimates were for caribou (10 months or older) as the surveys were almost all pre-calving (April-May). We surveyed the islands as island groups between 2001 and 2008. We estimated 187 caribou (95% CI 104–330 caribou) on Bathurst Island Complex in May, 2001 which is an increase since a die-off in the mid-1990s. Sightings during 2010 suggest the increase of Peary caribou on Bathurst Island has continued. We observed only a single, adult female caribou during the aerial survey of Cornwallis Island and Little Cornwallis Island in May, 2002 and on Devon Island in April/May 2008, we counted 17 caribou after flying 7985 km. ii In May 2004, we did not see Peary caribou on Prince of Wales and Somerset islands which indicates no recovery from the severe decline between 1980 and 1995. The observation of possibly only one Peary caribou on Boothia Peninsula during a muskoxen survey in 2006 (M. Dumond, personal communication) gives emphasis to a caribou study on the Peninsula. The total estimated abundance of caribou on Ellesmere Island (including Graham Island) is 1,021 caribou based on surveys of southern Ellesmere (219 caribou 95% CI 109-442) in May, 2005, and northern Ellesmere (802 caribou 95% CI 531 -1207) in May 2006. On Axel Heiberg Island in April 2007, we estimated 2,291 (95% CI 1,636 – 3,208). Due to the low occurrence of caribou on Amund Ringnes, Ellef Ringnes, King Christen, Cornwall, and Meighen Islands, we estimated the total abundance of Peary caribou as 282 (95% CI 157 – 505 ) for these islands. For Lougheed Island, 32 clusters of caribou were observed providing a density estimate of 262 caribou/1000 km2. For muskoxen, survey estimates were for animals one year or older, as the surveys coincided with calving (April-May). A total of 12,683 muskoxen were counted across the study area, including 1,492 new born calves. In May, 2001 we observed 7 clusters of muskoxen on Bathurst Island Complex for a minimum count of 82 muskoxen. We report a minimum count of 18 muskoxen during the aerial survey of Cornwallis and Little Cornwallis Island in May, 2002 and estimate 513 (95% CI 302 – 864) on Devon Island in April/May 2008. For May 2004, we estimated 2,086 muskoxen (95% CI 1,582 – 2,746) on Prince of Wales Island and another 1,910 (95% CI 962 – 3,792) on Somerset Island. We estimated 456 (95% CI 312 – 670) on Southern Ellesmere in 2005, and observed 40 iii emaciated muskox carcasses during the survey. The estimated abundance of muskoxen on Northern Ellesmere was 8,115 (95% CI 6,632 – 9,930) for May 2006, and we noted high concentration of muskoxen with newborn calves on the Fosheim Peninsula. On Axel Heiberg Island in April 2007, we estimated 4,237 (95% CI 3,371 – 5,325) muskoxen and noted high concentrations east of the Princess Margaret Range. In contrast, due to the low occurrence of muskoxen on Amund Ringnes, Ellef Ringnes, King Christen, Cornwall, Meighen, and Lougheed islands we report a combined minimum count of 21 muskoxen for those islands. Key Words: Peary caribou, Muskoxen, Aerial Survey, Ground Survey, Nunavut, Distance Sampling, Rangifer tarandus pearyi, Ovibos moschatus iv ᖃᓄᐃᓐᓇᓱᒋᔭᐅᓂᖓ ᓄᑖᙳᖅᑎᓯᒪᑦᔪᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᓇᓃᓐᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᓪᓗ ᓄᓇᕗᒻᒥᑦ ᖁᑦᓯᒃᑐᕐᒥᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖏᓐᓂᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐃᒻᒪᖔ 4,000 (10-ᓂᒃ ᑕᕐᕿᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ) ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᓂᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᕿᑭᑦᑕᓂᒃ ᐊᔾᔨᒌᙱᑐᓂᒃ. ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᖅ 17,500 (ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑐᑦ 1 ᐅᖓᑖᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ). ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᑐᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᐅᙱᑦᑐᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᑭᐅᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐋᕐᕿᒃᓱᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑲᒪᒋᔭᖃᕐᓂᐊᕐᓗᑎᒃ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᖃᙱᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᐊ ᑭᖑᓪᓖᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓄᑕᐅᙱᑎᒋᓚᐅᕐᒪᑖ 50 ᐅᑭᐅᓄᑦ ᑎᑭᓪᓗᒍ. ᑐᑭᓯᒋᐊᕈᑎᒃᓴᑦ ᑕᒡᕙᙵᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᐃᔪᖅ ᐱᕙᓪᓕᐊᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐃᓄᐃᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᒪᔭᑐᖃᖏᓐᓂᒃ – ᐊᒻᒪ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᓕᕆᓂᕐᒨᓕᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓚᑦᓯᓂᕐᒧᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕐᓂᕐᒧᓪᓗ ᐸᕐᓇᐅᑎᓂᒃ. ᐃᑲᔪᖅᑐᐃᖕᒥᔪᖅ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐸᕐᓇᖕᓂᕐᒧᑦ ᐱᔭᕆᐊᖃᖅᑑᒐᒥ ᑕᒡᕙᓂ 2011-ᒥᑦ ᐃᓚᒋᐊᕐᓂᐅᔪᒥᒃ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᐃᓛᒃᑯᑦ 1-ᒧᑦ ᒐᕙᒪᑐᖃᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᒪᔪᐃᑦ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᖅᑐᒦᑦᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᒐᕐᔪᐊᕐᒥᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᖢᑎᒃ 2004-ᒥᑦ ᑲᓇᑕᓕᒫᒧᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᕐᒥᒃ ᐅᓗᕆᐊᓇᖅᑐᒦᓱᒋᔭᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ. ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᒪᓕᓗᐊᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᕕᒃᑐᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᓄᓇᑦ ᐅᖓᓯᖕᓂᖏᑎᒍᑦ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕈᑎᖃᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐋᕐᕿᒃᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᑕᒻᒪᖏᓐᓂᖅᓴᐅᓂᕐᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᐅᔪᕐᒥᒃ. ᓈᓴᕐᓂᐅᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐃᓚᖃᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᓂᒃ (10-ᓂᒃ ᑕᕐᕿᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᖓᑖᓕᓘᓐᓃᑦ) ᓈᓴᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᑕᒪᐃᓐᓂᑲᓴᒃ ᑲᔪᓯᓚᐅᕐᒪᑕ ᓄᕐᕆᐊᓚᐅᖅᑎᓐᓇᒋᑦ (ᐄᐳᕈ-ᒪᐃ). ᓇᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᕐᓂᑦ ᑲᑎᓯᒪᓂᐅᓪᓗᑎᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᔪᑦ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓐᓂᑦ 2001 ᐊᒻᒪ 2008. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᑐᒍᑦ 187 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ (95% CI 104-300 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ) ᑐᒃᑐᓯᐅᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᒪᐃ, 2001-ᒥᑦ ᐊᒥᓱᙳᕐᓂᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᒪᙵᑦ ᑐᖁᒐᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᓯᒪᔪᒥᒃ 1990-ᖏᓐᓂᑦ. ᑕᑯᔭᐅᑦᑕᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ 2010-ᒥᑦ ᐃᓱᒪᒋᔭᐅᓕᖅᑐᖅ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᓯᐅᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᑲᔪᓯᖕᒪᑦ. ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑐᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᕐᓇᓪᓗᕐᒥᒃ ᑐᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᒪᕐᕈᓕᕿᒥᑦ (Cornwallis Island ᐊᒻᒪ Little Cornwallis Island) ᒪᐃ, 2002- ᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗ ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᒥᑦ ᐄᐳᕈ/ᒪᐃ 2008-ᒥᑦ, ᓈᓴᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ 17-ᓂᒃ ᑐᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᖓᑕᓚᐅᖅᖢᑕ 7,985 ᑭᓛᒥᑕᓂᒃ. v ᒪᐃ 2004-ᒥᑦ, ᑕᑯᙱᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᑭᙵᐃᓚᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᑰᖓᓇᔫᑉ ᓄᓇᖓᓂᑦ ᑐᑭᓯᔾᔪᑕᐅᓪᓗᓂ ᑕᒪᓐᓇ ᐅᑎᖅᐸᓪᓕᐊᙱᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑕᐃᒪᙵᑦ ᐅᓄᕈᖕᓇᐃᒻᒪᕆᖕᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᕐᒥᒃ ᐊᑯᓐᓂᖓᓐᓂᑦ 1980 ᐊᒻᒪ 1995. ᑕᑯᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᖅ ᐃᒻᒪᖄ ᐊᑕᐅᓯᑐᐊᕐᒥᒃ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑯᓗᒃ ᑐᒃᑐᒥᒃ ᐴᑎᐊᒥᑦ (Boothia Peninsula) ᐅᒥᖕᒪᖕᓂᒃ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᓂ 2006-ᒥᑦ (M. Dumond, ᓇᖕᒥᖕᓂᖅ ᑐᓴᖅᑎᓐᓂᕆᓚᐅᖅᑕᖓ) ᐱᒻᒪᕆᐅᓕᖅᑎᑦᓯᔪᖅ ᑐᒃᑐᓂᒃ ᖃᐅᔨᓴᕆᐊᖃᕐᓂᐅᔪᙵᒃ ᑕᐃᑲᓂ. ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᕐᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂᒃ (ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᒍ ᒍᕌᒻ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖅ Graham Island) 1,021 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᒪᓕᒃᖢᒋᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᓂᒋᖓᓂᒃ (219 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ 95% CI 109-442 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ) ᒪᐃ, 2005-ᒥᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ (802 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ 95% CI 531 -1207 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ) ᒪᐃ, 2006-ᒥᑦ. ᐅᒥᖕᒪᑦ ᓄᓈᓂᑦ (Axel Heiberg Island) ᐄᐳᕈ 2007-ᒥᑦ, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ 2,291 (95% CI 1,636 – 3,208). ᑐᒃᑐᖃᕋᔪᙱᓗᐊᕐᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᑖᒃᑯᐊ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᐅᔪᓂᒃ Amund Ringnes, Ellef Ringnes, King Christen, Cornwall, ᐊᒻᒪ Meighen, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᖃᑯᖅᑕᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ 282-ᖑᔪᑦ (95% CI 157 – 505) ᑖᒃᑯᓇᓂ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᑦ. ᓛᕼᐄᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᕐᒥᑦ (Lougheed Island) 32 ᑲᑎᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ ᑕᑯᔭᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᕈᑕᐅᓕᖅᖢᑎᒃ ᐃᒻᒪᖄ 262 ᑐᒃᑐᑦ/1,000 ᑭᓛᒥᑕᑦ ᐃᖅᑐᐊᖅᑐᑦ. ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᓪᓕ, ᓈᓴᕐᓂᐅᓯᒪᔪᒃᑯᑦ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᕐᓂᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᐅᑭᐅᖃᖅᑐᓂᒃ 1 ᐅᖓᑖᓂᓘᓐᓃᑦ, ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖃᓚᐅᕐᒪᑦ ᐊᑕᐅᑦᓯᒃᑯᑦ ᓄᕐᕆᐊᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ (ᐄᐳᕈ-ᒪᐃ). ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ 12,683 ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᕕᓕᒫᒥᑦ, ᐃᓚᒋᓪᓗᒋᑦ 1,492 ᐃᓅᓕᓵᑦ ᓄᕐᕋᐃᑦ. ᒪᐃ, 2001-ᒥᑦ ᑕᑯᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ 7-ᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᓯᒪᓂᐅᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᒥᖕᒪᖕᓂᒃ ᑐᒃᑐᓯᐅᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ ᐊᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖃᖅᖢᓂ 82 ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ. ᐅᓂᒃᑳᖅᓯᒪᔪᒍᑦ ᐊᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ 18 ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ Cornwallis ᐊᒻᒪ Little Cornwallis Island-ᒥᑦ ᒪᐃ, 2002-ᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪ ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᖢᑕ 513-ᓂᒃ (95% CI 302 – 864) ᑕᓪᓗᕈᑎᒥᑦ ᐄᐳᕈ/ᒪᐃ 2008-ᒥᑦ. ᒪᐃ 2004-ᒧᑦ, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ 2,086 ᐅᒥᖕᒪᖃᖅᖢᓂ (95% CI 1,582 – 2,746) ᑭᙵᐃᓚᕐᒥᑦ ᐊᒻᒪᓗᒃᑲᓐᓂᖅ 1,910 (95% CI 962 – 3,792) ᑰᖓᓇᔫᑉ ᓄᓇᖓᓂ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ 456-ᓂᒃ (95% CI 312 – 670) ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᓂᒋᖓᓂ 2005-ᒥᑦ, ᐊᒻᒪ ᑕᑯᓪᓗᑕ 40-ᓂᒃ ᑐᖃᖓᔪᓂᒃ ᐅᒥᖕᒪᕐᓂᒃ vi ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖃᖅᑎᓪᓗᑕ. ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᖅᑕᐅᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦ ᐊᐅᓱᐃᑦᑐᕐᒥᐅᑦ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᖓᓂ ᐅᐊᖕᓇᖓᓂ 8,115-ᖑᓚᐅᖅᑐᑦ (95% CI 6,632 – 9,930) ᒪᐃ 2006-ᒧᑦ, ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᖃᖅᖢᑕᓗ ᐅᓄᕐᓂᖏᑦᑕ ᑲᑎᓯᒪᔪᑦ ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ ᓄᕐᕋᖃᖅᑐᑦ ᕘᓴᐃᒻᒥᑦ (Fosheim Peninsula). ᐅᒥᖕᒪᑦ ᓄᓈᑦᓂ ᐄᐳᕈ 2007-ᒥᑦ, ᓇᓚᐅᑦᓵᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ 4,237-ᓂᒃ (95% CI 3,371 – 5,325) ᐅᒥᖕᒪᖕᓂᒃ ᐅᔾᔨᕆᔭᖃᖅᖢᑕᓗ ᐅᓄᖅᑐᓂᒃ ᑲᑎᓯᒪᔪᓂᒃ ᐳᕆᓐᓯᐊᓯ ᒫᑯᐃ ᐃᓂᖃᕐᕕᖕᒥᑦ (Princess Margaret). ᐅᒥᖕᒪᒃᑕᖃᓗᐊᙱᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓂᒃ Amund Ringnes, Ellef Ringnes, King Christen, Cornwall, Meighen, ᐊᒻᒪ Lougheed ᐅᓂᒃᑳᓚᐅᖅᑐᒍᑦ ᑲᑎᓪᓗᒋᑦ ᐊᓪᓕᖅᐹᒥᒃ ᓈᓴᖅᑕᐅᓂᖏᓐᓂᒃ 21 ᐅᒥᖕᒪᐃᑦ ᑕᐃᒃᑯᓄᖓ ᕿᑭᖅᑕᓄᑦ. ᓇᓗᓇᐃᕈᑎᑦ ᑕᐃᒎᓯᑦ: ᖃᖁᖅᑕᑯᓗᐃᑦ ᑐᒃᑐᑦ, ᐅᒥᖕᒪᑦ, ᖃᖓᑕᓲᒃᑯᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖅ, ᓄᓇᒃᑯᑦ ᓈᓴᕐᓂᖅ, ᓄᓇᕗᑦ, ᐅᖓᓯᖕᓂᒃᑯᑦ ᐆᒃᑐᕋᕈᑎᖃᕐᓂᖅ, Rangifer tarandus pearyi, Ovibos moschatus vii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Funding for this study was provided by the Department of Environment, Polar Continental Shelf Project, the Nunavut Wildlife Management Board, and the Habitat Stewardship Program. We are grateful to Mike Ferguson, who initiated this research project and designed and lead the first 5 years of the study. We thank him for comments on an early draft of this report. We are grateful to the Resolute Bay and Grise Fiord HTAs for on-going support and participation. Special thanks to Nancy Amarualik and the late Letia Noah for their assistance with logistics and local coordination. We are grateful to Mike Ferguson, the late Seeglook Akeeagok, Jeffrey Qaunaq, and Tabitha Mullin, for leading ground surveys from 2000 – 2006, and members of the ground crews, including: Tony Romito, Aleesuk Idlout, Peter Amarualik, Rodger Alluviniq, Joadamee Iqaluk, Norman Idlout, Samson Simeonie, Micheal Pudluk, Ross Pudluk, Steven Nungaq, Clyde Kalluk, Ely Allakarialuk, Hans Aronsen, Saroomie Manik, Enookie Idlout, Joadamee Iqaluk, Samson Simeonie,