Secretariat CBD Technical Series No. of the Convention on Biological Diversity CROSS-SECTORAL TOOLKIT FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FOREST BIODIVERSITY CROSS-SECTORAL TOOLKIT FOR THE CONSERVATION AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF FOREST BIODIVERSITY Cross-Sectoral Toolkit for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Forest Biodiversity Acknowledgements This toolkit builds on the excellent work of CBD partner organizations, in particular the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) and the Global Environment Facility (GEF). Published by the Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity . ISBN 9-95-084-1 Copyright © 008, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity Cover photo credits (from top to bottom): Wetlands International & Global Environment Centre; D. Wright/ iStockphoto; iStockphoto; L. Maples/iStockphoto. The designations employed and the presentation of material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the copyright holders concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. This publication may be reproduced for educational or non-profit purposes without special permission from the copyright holders, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. Citation: Thompson, I. and Christophersen, T., eds. (008). Cross-Sectoral Toolkit for the Conservation and Sustain- able Management of Forest Biodiversity, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity, Technical Series no. 39, Montreal, Canada, 53 pages. For further information please contact: Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity World Trade Centre 413 St. Jacques, Suite 800 Montreal, Quebec, Canada HY 1N9 Phone: 1 (514) 88 0 Fax: 1 (514) 88 6588 E-mail: [email protected] Website: http://www.cbd.int Cross-Sectoral Toolkit for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Forest Biodiversity Contents Foreword.................................................................................................................................................................4 I. IntRoduction.............................................................................................................................................5 II. KEY SECTORS AND LINKAGES TO FOREST BIODIVERSITY...............................................................8 National Forest Policies................................................................................................................................................8 Case Study: National Forest Policy in Uganda..........................................................................................................9 Case Study: Improved Forest Management in Kenya..............................................................................................9 Two Case Studies: On Improved Local Governance in Tanzania........................................................................10 Internal Economic Policies .......................................................................................................................................11 Case Study: Improved Use of Forests in the Solomon Islands..............................................................................1 Case Study: Incentive Measures in Ecuador............................................................................................................1 Environmental Accounting.......................................................................................................................................13 Agricultural, Pastoral, and Agro-Forestry Policies................................................................................................14 Case Study: Austria.....................................................................................................................................................15 Case Study: Taxation and Agriculture in Costa Rica.............................................................................................15 Case Study: Improved Agro-Forestry in Costa Rica..............................................................................................16 Case study: Improved Agro-Forestry Management near the Calakmul Biosphere Reserve in Mexico .........17 Conservation of Landscape-Level Diversity in Agro-Forestry.............................................................................17 Energy Sector Policies................................................................................................................................................18 Bio-Energy Policies....................................................................................................................................................18 Land-Use Planning and Infrastructure Development Policies.............................................................................19 Tourism Policies..........................................................................................................................................................19 Case Study: Dana Wildlands Reserve, Jordan.........................................................................................................1 Case Study: Improved Ecotourism in Sumatra, Indonesia....................................................................................1 Case Study: The Importance of Local Benefits from Ecotourism in Indonesia.................................................. Literature Cited...........................................................................................................................................................3 Annotated bibliography and websites.....................................................................................................................4 Cross-sectoral Publications:......................................................................................................................................4 Annex 1: Selected CBD resources............................................................................................................................5 Annex : A selection of policies that work to maintain biodiversity in association with agriculture and agro-forestry.....................................................................................................................................................53 3 Cross-Sectoral Toolkit for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Forest Biodiversity Foreword Forest biodiversity has always been at the cross-roads of courtesyPhoto of CBD numerous political and economic interests. The Millennium Ecosystem Assessment reports that agricultural land is expanding in approximately 70 per cent of the countries examined. The pressures from sectors such as agriculture, mining, or energy on forest biodiversity require a cross-sectoral approach towards the conservation and sustainable management of forests. This Technical Series Publication summarises information on policy approaches that aim to minimize the negative impacts of other sectoral policies on forests and forest biodiversity. This ‘tool-kit’ will help Parties and relevant organizations to identify policy responses to the growing pressure on forest resources from other sectors. It highlights the necessity of moving outside the forestry sector alone in creating meaningful policies that may reduce wide-ranging negative impacts on forest biodiversity, and it showcases opportunities to adopt a long-term view in economic development, in line with all three objectives of the Convention on Biological Diversity. The work draws on some of the earlier excellent work done by many of our partners, including the Centre for International Forest Research (CIFOR), the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), as well as the results of projects funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF). We consider this present version as a work that is well-along yet still in progress, as we intend to update the tool-kit intermittently and develop it into a dynamic web-based tool. We have only begun to address some of the sectors in which developments can affect forests and forest biodiversity. Other sectors such as transportation and health have yet to be incorporated. Nevertheless we trust that this publication will provide useful guidance and bring to the fore the many impacts, wanted and unwanted, that sectoral policies have on forest and forest biodiversity. Ahmed Djoghlaf Executive Secretary, Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity 4 Cross-Sectoral Toolkit for the Conservation and Sustainable Management of Forest Biodiversity 1. INTRODUCTION policy analysis to ensure that impacts on forests and biodiversity are minimised. This document Policies in all sectors need to consider implications and associated web-based tool kit are meant to for biodiversity and integrate appropriate measures, provide support and information with respect to if biodiversity is to be conserved over the long cross-sectoral policies that can help to maintain term. Biodiversity in forests is not only affected forests and forest biodiversity, as governments seek by actions under forest management regimes a balance between conservation and meeting the (planned or otherwise); policies and management needs of people. actions in other sectors often have unintended, or even intended, consequences for forests and forest The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United biodiversity.