The path to low-carbon hydrogen: infrastructure deployment Presentation by: William Licht Chief Engineer – Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. June 2019 1 60+ Years of Hydrogen Experience • One of largest hydrogen producers in the world - Produce ~7 million kgs/day (>3 billion standard cubic feet) • Bulk, liquid, and pipeline distribution • Unique product offerings for H2 fueling • H2 energy projects since 1993 - > 250 hydrogen station projects - > 1,500,000 fuelings/yr - >7,000,000 total fuelings - Twenty countries 2 How do we make Hydrogen? ◼ Fossil fuels Natural gas + H2O ➔ H2 + CO2 Steam-Methane Reformer Natural gas + oxygen + H2O ➔ H2 + CO2 Auto-thermal reformer (or POX) Coal + oxygen + H2O➔ H2 + CO2 Gasifier CO2 capture, Big Questions: who pays and where does it go? ◼ Electrolysis 2 H2O + Electric → 2 H2 + O2 High cost, small scale Is there a role for H2 from power? Port Arthur, TX Steam Methane Reforming • Port Arthur I: Integrated • Port Arthur II: 2007 Plant cogen and hydrogen plant of the Year Significant Greenhouse Gas Reduction Can Be Achieved With Hydrogen Today Interim target: 50% lower GHG’s from Today Pipeline 183 Hydrogen Supply Liquid H2 253 Today ! Bulk H2 227 Adapted from DOE hydrogen program record #9002 Production of Hydrogen – POX & ATR Process Characteristics - Pressurised reactors with heat supplied by direct reaction with oxygen - No venting of combustion products - All CO2 available for capture at pressure Natural Gas Natural Gas Oxygen POX Oxygen Steam Catalyst Partial Oxidation Autothermal Reformer IMechE/IChemE Evening Seminar: 2019 Hydrogen event Gasification Lu’an Air Products JV, Changzhi, China 4 x 3000T/d Coal Gasification for transportation fuels Air Products Port Arthur CO2 Project New technology to recover anthropogenic CO2 for EOR H2 Power GenerationH2, Power • Retrofit of 2 Steam-Methane Reformers (SMR) COthat2 Transport sit in the middle of a refinery & Storage H2 • Capture and purification of CO2 from Power Generation hydrogenCO2 Removal, plants (syngas) for EOR CO VSA Technology 2 Purification,CO2 Transport Compression& Storage H2 • Technology developed by Air Products Power Generation ExportDehydration Steam 90%+ capture of CO from syngas • CO2 Removal, 2 Compression Purification, Pipeline Cogeneration 2 • 50 MMSCFD of CO to Denbury’s Green H Compression 2 2 CO Power Generation Pipeline for West Hastings oilfield Export Steam CO2 VSA Technology • 30 MWe Cogeneration unit to generate power and make-up steam H2, Power, Steam 8 © Copyright Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. 2014 Summary • No technical hurdles to large scale hydrogen production - Large scale hydrogen production from steam methane reforming is widely practised - CO2 capture from SMRs is possible and demonstrated, but ATRs are better suited to high levels of CO2 capture - Gasification (of bottom of the barrel, petcoke, coal) could play a part in a hydrogen-with-CO2-capture world • CO2 capture and sequestration: Who pays and where does it go? • Regional Distribution model - Pipelines • Lowest transmission cost; cost and siting issues • 100’s of miles of H2 pipeline exist to serve industrial customers - Bulk & Liquid Supply • Current distribution model • Liquefaction requires more specialize equipment and more energy, but higher density and refrigeration recovery.