2019 Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY EXTENSION • EB0762 EB0762 Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington—2019 POISON EMERGENCY Washington Poison Center: 1-800-222-1222 https://www.wapc.org/ For further information, see Pesticide Safety PESTICIDE LABELS YOU ARE REQUIRED BY LAW TO FOLLOW THE LABEL. It is a legal document. Always read the label before using any pesticide. You, the grower, are responsible for safe pesticide use. Trade Names Trade (brand) names are provided for your reference only. No discrimination is intended, and other pesticides with the same active ingredient, provided they are also registered for use on the intended crop and for the intended target, may be suitable. No endorsement is implied. Pesticide Information National Pesticide Information Center: 1-800-858-7378 http://npic.orst.edu/ Spray Guide Coordinators Gwen Hoheisel, Regional Extension Specialist Michelle Moyer, WSU Extension Viticulturist Front Cover Photos Michelle Moyer, WSU Extension Viticulturist SECTION COORDINATORS: Regulations & Safety Carol Black, WSU Pesticide Education Specialist Pesticides Catherine Daniels, WSU Pesticide Coordinator Weeds Lynn Sosnoskie, WSU Extension Weed Specialist Tim Miller, WSU Extension Weed Specialist Insects Douglas Walsh, WSU Extension Environmental and Agrichemical Education Specialist Gwen Hoheisel, Regional Extension Specialist Nematodes Inga Zasada, USDA-ARS Research Plant Pathologist Plant Diseases Michelle Moyer, WSU Extension Viticulturist Naidu Rayapati, WSU Extension Grape Virologist Prepared by representatives of Washington State University, WSDA and USDA personnel, and industry representatives. WSU Extension • Washington State University • Pullman, Washington CONTENTS General Information ..........................................1 Pest Management Program for Grapevines ...................................................24 Pesticide Safety ...................................................1 Precautions in Use and Storage Diseases of Grapevines .....................................29 Pesticide Disposal and Plastic Container Trunk and Root Diseases Recycling Foliar and Fruit Diseases Symptoms of Pesticide Poisoning Protections, Emergency Treatment, and Disease Management Program for Pesticide Information Grapevines ...................................................35 Weed Control .....................................................4 Viruses of Grapevines.......................................44 Application Rate and Equipment Management of Grapevine Virus Diseases General Precautions Grapevine Leafroll Disease Factors Affecting Control Rugose Wood Complex (Grafted Vines) Soil-Applied Herbicides Grapevine Fanleaf and Grapevine Decline Foliar-Applied Herbicides Diseases Grapevine Red Blotch Disease Herbicide Injury ...............................................14 Potential Virus Diseases 2,4-D Drift Documentation Spray Recommendations ................................48 Weed Management Program General for Grapevines ..............................................15 Formulations Calibration of Vineyard Sprayers Pests of Grapevines ..........................................17 Dilutions Black Vine Weevil Brown Marmorated Stink Bug Regulatory Information ...................................51 Cutworms Pesticide Residues on Grapes Drosophilla suzukii Pesticide Restricted Entry Standards Grape Flea Beetle Licensing Grape Leaffolder Chemigation Grape Mealybug State Laws and Regulations Grape Phylloxera Worker Right-To-Know Act Leafhoppers Horticulture Pest and Disease Boards Mites Tank Mixes Plant-Parasitic Nematodes Scale Insects Thrips GENERAL INFORMATION The Pest Management Guide for Grapes in Washington LABEL and be certain that it is up to date. presents various chemicals and their uses against pest problems in Washington vineyards. While Always consult with your processor, winery rep- the recommendations are based on eastern resentative, or Extension agent if you have any Washington conditions, the information may questions on approved pesticides or pesticide uses. often be applied to similar pest problems found The registration status of various chemicals, for- throughout the state. Specific and more detailed mulations, and manufacturers’ products changes information on pests and diseases can be found rapidly. You may lose your crop or market if you in the Field Guide for Integrated Pest Management in misapply or use improper materials that leave ille- Pacific Northwest Vineyards (PNW644). gal residues on your crop. Recommendations are suggested guidelines. Pests Not on Product Label: Some suggested They are not intended to represent pest control uses of pesticides in this publication are for pests programs. The use of other materials and varying not listed on product labels. These are indicated by rates and treatments for control of particular pests the symbol '*'. Such uses comply with the federal depends on individual circumstances. law (FIFRA), which says a use is consistent with label directions provided the crop or site is on the Caution: Before making any application of chemi- label and directions concerning rates and interval cals to any vineyard, READ THE COMPLETE before harvest are followed. PESTICIDE SAFETY Precautions in Use and Storage providing emergency transportation for any exposure of concern. The web site http:// • Know the trade names and active ingredients pesticideresources.org has WPS resources to for the pesticides you are using. Be famil- assist grower’s understand their responsibili- iar with the first aid treatments, especially ties and has training information and tools. anything unique, before you store or handle pesticides. • Pesticide labels state the personal protective equipment (PPE) to be worn when handling/ • To protect your workforce, comply with the applying pesticides. At a minimum, long US EPA Worker Protection Standard (WPS) that is administered by Washington Depart- sleeved shirt and long pants are required ments for Agriculture and Labor & Industries. to protect your skin from exposure; usually WPA classifies employees asworkers if they waterproof gloves too. If there is an added could be exposed while working in vineyards risk due for the product, the label may that were treated in the past 30 days. Or clas- require a coverall be worn over short sleeved sifies employees aspesticide handlers if they shirt/short pants or long sleeved shirt/long mix, load, apply, or conduct maintenance pants. The coverall can be a standard cotton on application equipment because they have or cotton polyester coverall; some opt for the possibility of direct exposure to pesticides a disposable coverall to reduce laundering while working. Agricultural pesticide labels hassles. To protect eyes, wear safety glasses state a Restricted Entry Interval (REI) for each with brow and side covers, a face shield, or crop. This REI is a time when no entry is goggles. Waterproof gloves and boots may be allowed into the treated area, unless the per- required; reusable nitrile gloves meet most son is provided extra protection as detailed label requirements. Lastly some products in the regulations and on the label. The may require a respirator to filter out particu- section of the label that addresses WPS is the lates or vapors/gasses from contaminated air. Agricultural Use Requirements section. The reg- Obtain a NIOSH-certified respirator, and if ulation requires notifying employees about needed, the appropriate chemical cartridge pesticides applied, training those employees, (most often an organic-vapor cartridge). monitoring the handling of highly toxic Dispose of any PPE that cannot be cleaned. pesticides, providing handlers clean PPE, and Wash all other PPE at the end of the task. 1 • Be aware of heat illness. By wearing PPE, • Collect spilled material and absorbent for your body does not cool as well. Washing- later use or hazardous waste disposal. Wash ton Labor & Industries has Outdoor Heat the contaminated area with soap and water. Exposure regulations for agriculture (WAC The breakdown of insecticides can be acceler- 296-307). It sets thresholds at 89°, 77°, and ated by using a weak lye solution. 52° depending on the number of layers of • Most pesticide labels prohibit applications clothing a person is wearing and if the layer during temperature air inversions. Inver- is non-breathable, like a rain suit. Acclimati- sions happen typically in the late afternoon zation, drinking water, and illness awareness as the air cools and settles, then lasts through are the main requirements. Schedule pesti- the night and early morning. It does not cide applications during the cooler parts of dissipate until the sun warms the soil the the day. next day and air starts to move around • Some insecticides are organophosphates or again. During an inversion, air cannot mix carbamates. They have caused poisonings vertically, and spray particles may be carried in Washington from unintended exposures horizontally for a great distance. New inver- during routine tasks. If either type of insec- sion meters are available to assess conditions. ticide product has the signal word of Warn- Unfortunately to combat the concerns for ing, Danger/Poison or Danger and they are heat stress, the coolest time of the day is best handled (mix, load, apply) for more than 30 to apply—just make sure there is no inversion. hours in a 30 day period, the Washington • Cover or remove food and water troughs Dept. of Labor & Industries (WAC 296-307- when spraying around livestock areas.