PRESENTATION The Study Of Maternal Parenting Pattern And Its Influence To Nutritional Status Children 5th In Health Centre Distric Of Waikelibang Anna H. Talahatu, Stefanus P. Manongga, Patrisia Y. Koten Public Health Faculty, Nusa Cendana University, Indonesia Email: [email protected] Abstract Malnutrition condition is about to reduce children’s body endurance so children are easily to sick even death. Health centre Distric of Waikelibang is one of health centre in Flores Timur that has much children with malnutrition as compare to another. The manner of maternal’s’parenting in Flores Timur especially in Tanjung Bunga area is not good enough. This study is aim to find out the influence of the pattern of maternals’ parenting concerning to nutritional status children 5th in health centre Distric of Waikelibang. This research use analytical survey with cross sectional study design. The population are all children 5th in health centre of Distric Waikelibang with total 1034 children 5th and sample 93 children 5th. Data analysis use regression logistic test by degree of agree 95% (α=0,05). We also explored modifiers of associations between living in an indigenous community and parenting. The results of the study showed that most families had poorer parenting, higher non-food expenses than food expenses, adequate maternal education, poor nutritional knowledge and large families, and good nutritional status. Multivariate analysis shows feeding practice, self sanitation and environment, and index composite parenting pattern has significant impact to nutritional status children 5th. This result can be conclude that index composite of parenting pattern has bigger effect to nutritional status children 5th. Key words: Family Characteristic, Maternals’ Parenting, Nutritional status * Correspondence: [email protected] Present Address: Adi Sucipto St., Penfui, Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara, 85001- Indonesia ©The Author(s) 2018. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. 109 INTRODUCTION malnourished and 2.6% were toddlers Poor nutrition will reduce the with BGM. Waikelibang Health Center is child's immune system so that the child one of the health centers in East Flores is easily sick and results in death. Bad District which has the most nutrition can occur in all age groups, but malnourished children compared to what needs more attention is in the other health centers. In January 2016, the group of infants and toddlers. At the age number of children under 5th who of 0-2 years is a period of golden growth experienced undernutrition at the especially for fetal growth so that if there Waikelibang Health Center was 3.7% and is interference at this time can’t be continued to increase until May at 5.2%. fulfilled in the next period and will Until October 2016, the number of under- negatively affect the quality of the next fives with malnutrition was 2.9% (Dinkes generation (Kemenkes RI, 2015). Flores Timur, 2016). The prevalence of malnutrition in Malnutrition is a result of life Indonesia in 2016 was 17.8% consisting habits that are less concerned with of 3.4% of children under 5th with poor nutritional values besides the habit of nutritional status and 14.4% of living in a simple environment because of undernourished status. When compared lack of purchasing power or ignorance with the 2013 national prevalence rate about nutrition. The provision of (19.6%) and 2015 (18.7%), the prevalence absolute nutritious food is recommended of malnutrition in children 5th in 2016 for children through the role of maternal decreased. Changes mainly to the or caregiver. The time used by prevalence of malnutrition, namely from housewives to care for children is one of 5.7% in 2013, 3.8% in 2015 to 3.4% in the factors that can affect the nutritional 2016. Of the 34 provinces in Indonesia, status of children. Which includes East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) is a province parenting is breastfeeding, providing and that has the highest prevalence of feeding children, and giving children a malnutrition, that is 20% of the national sense of security. prevalence of 18.7% (Ministry of Health, The pattern of childcare in the 2016). East Flores Regency is one of the East Flores region, especially in the districts with 124 cases of malnutrition Tanjung Bunga area is classified as poor. from 20,198 toddlers. This shows that Some maternal of children under 5th have cases of malnutrition in the East Flores a childhood who lack nutrition, namely region are still quite large (Dinkes NTT, maternal who in childhood were affected 2015). by the 1992 earthquake in the East Flores In 2015, out of 20,198 toddlers in region with a strength of 7.8 SR. Tanjung East Flores Regency, 14.5% of children Bunga is one of the areas that felt the under 5th were underweight, 2.1% were earthquake. Problems that arise are 110 varied, ranging from broken road access parenting as well as its influence on the to destroyed buildings which results in nutritional status of Children under 5th local communities having to move the Waikelibang Health Center. settlements due to drowning villages. Food assistance provided cannot meet MATERI AND METHOD their nutritional needs, due to the limited The type of research used is an and inadequate food available. Breaking analytical survey with a cross sectional road access exacerbates the situation, so study design, which is a research that the food that the community conducted in which data variables are receives decreases. Based on the collected simultaneously (at the same description of the background, the time). Cross sectional study design can be researcher is interested in conducting seen in the scheme below: research on the study of maternal Children under 5th Maternal Parenting + Maternal parenting - Nutritional NutritionalSt Nutritional Nutritional Status + atus - status + status - RESULTS The population in this study were a. Food expenditure cost all children under 5tn the working area of Food expenditure cost in this study Waikelibang Health Center, as many as is the amount of expenditure per 1034 children under 5th spread in 16 household for food consumed by all villages in January 2017, with a sample of household members in a month. Food 93 people. The instruments used in this management is differentiated based on study were questionnaires about low and high food expenditure. Based on maternal parenting (the practice of the data obtained, the average food feeding and personal hygiene and the expenditure per household in this study environment), and family characteristics amounted to Rp 1,023,000. Respondents as well as dacin scales to weigh the have the highest amount of food weight of children under 5th . expenditure which is 52 people (55.9%) compared to the amount of high food 111 expenditure, which is 41 people (44.1%). for people who do not have fields, they Based on the research conducted, it was spend more rice for food expenditure found that people spend more eggs and cost. milk for food expenditure. In addition, Table 1. Distribution of Respondents Based on Food Expenditures Cost in the Waikelibang Health Center Working Area in Tanjung Bunga District, East Flores Regency Food Expenditures n (%) Low 52 55,9 High 41 44,1 Total 93 100 b. Non-food expenditure cost food expenditure is distinguished based Non-food expenditure cost in this on low and high non-food expenditure. study is the amount of expenditure per Based on the data obtained, the average household for non-food consumed by all non-food expenditure per household in household members in a month. Non- this study amounted to Rp 651,121. Table 2. Distribution of Respondents Based on Non-Food Expenditures Cost in the Waikelibang Health Center Working Area in Tanjung Bunga District, East Flores Regency Non-Food Expenditures n (%) Low 43 46,2 High 50 53,8 Total 93 100 Respondents have the highest by maternal. Characteristics of amount of non-food expenditure, which Respondents based on maternal is 50 people (53.8%) compared to the education are distinguished by 3 number of non-food expenditures which categories, namely loacking, sufficient is as low as 43 people (46.2%). Based on and good. Less education is the formal the results of research conducted, found education taken by the maternal who that non-food shopping is used more to does not complete primary school and buy cigarettes and pay church fees and does not go to school. Education is social gathering. enough, namely the formal education c. Maternal's Education that MATERNALs take, namely Maternal's education in this study is elementary, junior high the last level of formal education taken school/equivalent. Good education is 112 formal education taken by high school/ equivalent maternal, Higher Education. Table 3. Distribution of Respondents Based on MATERNAL's Education in the Waikelibang Health Center Working Area in Tanjung Bunga District, East Flores Regency MATERNAL's Education n n (%) Less 20 21,5 Medium 52 55,9 Good 21 22,6 Total 93 100 Most respondents have a sufficient level d. Nutritional Knowledge of of education as many as 52 people Maternal (55.9%), good education 21 people Nutritional knowledge of maternal (22.6%), and less education as many as 20 health in this study is the level of people (21.5%). Based on the data maternal understanding of matters obtained, the respondents in this study relating to nutrition and health for had the most education level, namely toddlers.