Ateneo de Manila University Archīum Ateneo Chemistry Faculty Publications Chemistry Department 2020 Improving the Value of the Coconut with Biotechnology Fabian M. Dayrit Quang Nguyen Follow this and additional works at: https://archium.ateneo.edu/chemistry-faculty-pubs Part of the Organic Chemistry Commons, and the Other Chemistry Commons Steve Adkins · Mike Foale Roland Bourdeix · Quang Nguyen Julianne Biddle Editors Coconut Biotechnology: Towards the Sustainability of the ‘Tree of Life’ Coconut Biotechnology: Towards the Sustainability of the ‘Tree of Life’ Steve Adkins • Mike Foale Roland Bourdeix • Quang Nguyen Julianne Biddle Editors Coconut Biotechnology: Towards the Sustainability of the ‘Tree of Life’ Editors Steve Adkins Mike Foale School of Agriculture and Food Sciences School of Agriculture and Food Sciences The University of Queensland The University of Queensland St Lucia, QLD, Australia St Lucia, QLD, Australia Roland Bourdeix Quang Nguyen Biological Systems Department School of Agriculture and Food Sciences Centre de coopération internationale en The University of Queensland recherche agronomique pour le St Lucia, QLD, Australia développement (CIRAD) Montpellier, QLD, Australia School of Biotechnology International University CIRAD – UMR AGAP, CIRAD Vietnam National University HCM (Agricultural Research for Development) Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam Montpellier, France AGAP, University Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France Julianne Biddle School of Agriculture and Food Science University of Queensland St. Lucia, QLD, Australia ISBN 978-3-030-44987-2 ISBN 978-3-030-44988-9 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44988-9 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Preface Coconut is often referred to as the ‘tree of life’. Primarily grown on 12 million hect- ares across more than 90 tropical and subtropical countries, coconut is one of the world’s most highly valued palm crops. This species contributes directly to the ame- nity and income for 20 million smallholder farmers and their dependents, providing food, health benefits, structural products as well as aesthetic beauty to the land- scape. Apart from coconut water and sugar, beneficial effects of various oil products have been increasingly acknowledged worldwide by users, becoming one of the most attractive functional foods in recent years. The present volume has 12 chapters contributed by academics and researchers from numerous countries including Australia, France, Vietnam, Mexico, Indonesia, the Philippines, Iran, China, Britain, Sri Lanka, Canada and Papua New Guinea. The volume covers most of the recent developments in coconut biotechnology, starting from the latest methods used for the identification of genetic diversity, pests and disease-causing agents to several applications for conservation and safe move- ment of germplasm, clonal propagation, improving the value of food products and promoting sustainable livelihoods. The editors of this book express their deep gratitude to all the chapter contribu- tors for sharing their work in this volume. We are also thankful to Springer Nature for giving us a chance to compile this important book. We hope that the contents presented in this book will be useful to the readers involved in coconut research and for all those interested in this amazing plant. St Lucia, QLD, Australia Steve Adkins v Contents 1 Towards the Sustainability of the “Tree of Life”: An Introduction ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Uron Salum, Mike Foale, Julianne Biddle, Amirhossein Bazrafshan, and Steve Adkins 2 Biology, Ecology, and Evolution of Coconut ������������������������������������������ 17 Mike Foale, Julianne Biddle, Amirhossein Bazrafshan, and Steve Adkins 3 Improving the Value of the Coconut with Biotechnology . 29 Fabian M. Dayrit and Quang Nguyen 4 In Situ and Ex Situ Conservation of Coconut Genetic Resources . 51 Roland Bourdeix, Steve Adkins, Vincent Johnson, Lalith Perera, and Sisunandar 5 Collecting Coconut Germplasm for Disease Resistance and Other Traits . 77 Roland Bourdeix, Gilles Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge, Jean Louis Konan, Hengky Novarianto, Chandrika Perera, and Valentin Luis Fredrik Wolf 6 Diversity Studies Using Molecular Markers . 101 Chandrika Perera, H. D. Dharshani Bandupriya, Regi J. Thomas, and Roland Bourdeix 7 Genome Studies for Effective Management and Utilization of Coconut Genetic Resources ���������������������������������������������������������������� 123 Luc Baudouin vii viii Contents 8 Biotechnology Contributing to Integrated Pest Management: The Example of Two Major Coconut Pests, Oryctes rhinoceros and Brontispa longissima ������������������������������ 151 Jelfina C. Alouw, Meldy L. A. Hosang, and Quang Nguyen 9 Dealing with Lethal Yellowing and Related Diseases in Coconut ���������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 169 Carlos Oropeza-Salín, Luis Sáenz, Maria Narvaez, German Nic-Matos, Ivan Córdova, Wayne Myrie, Carlos F. Ortíz, and Eder Ramos 10 Germplasm Reestablishment and Seedling Production: Embryo Culture . 199 Julianne Biddle, Quang Nguyen, Zhihua H. Mu, Mike Foale, and Steve Adkins 11 Coconut Micropropagation for Worldwide Replanting Needs . 227 Luis Sáenz-Carbonell, Quang Nguyen, Arturo López-Villalobos, and Carlos Oropeza-Salín 12 Towards Innovative Coconut Breeding Programs �������������������������������� 241 H. D. Dharshani Bandupriya, Chandrika Perera, Messias G. Pereira, and Roland Bourdeix Index ������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������ 273 Contributors Steve Adkins School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, OLD, Australia Jelfina C. Alouw Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia H. D. Dharshani Bandupriya Department of Plant Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka Luc Baudouin CIRAD, UMR AGAP, Montpellier, France AGAP, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier Supagro, Montpellier, France Amirhossein Bazrafshan School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, OLD, Australia Julianne Biddle School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia Roland Bourdeix CIRAD – UMR AGAP, CIRAD (Agricultural Research for Development), Montpellier, France AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France Gilles Coppens d’Eeckenbrugge CIRAD – UMR AGAP, CIRAD (Agricultural Research for Development), Montpellier, France AGAP, University of Montpellier, CIRAD, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Montpellier, France Ivan Córdova Centro de investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, México Fabian M. Dayrit Department of Chemistry, Ateneo de Manila University, Quezon City, Philippines ix x Contributors Mike Foale School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, St Lucia, OLD, Australia Meldy L. A. Hosang Indonesian Center for Estate Crops Research and Development, Bogor, Indonesia Vincent Johnson Bioversity International, Montpellier, France Jean Louis Konan National Centre for Agricultural Research, Abidjan, Ivory Coast Arturo López-Villalobos Department of Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA Zhihua H. Mu School of Agriculture and Food Science, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia Wayne Myrie Coconut Industry Board (CIB), Kingston, Jamaica Maria Narvaez Centro de investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, México Quang Nguyen School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD, Australia School of Biotechnology, International University, Vietnam National University- HCM, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam German Nic-Matos Centro de investigación Científica de Yucatán (CICY), Mérida, México Hengky Novarianto Indonesian Coconut and Palm Research Institute (IPRI), Manado, Indonesia Carlos Oropeza-Salín Biotechnology Unit, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico Carlos F. Ortíz Colegio de Postgraduados (CP), Puebla, Mexico