UC San Diego UC San Diego Electronic Theses and Dissertations Title Cognitive and Neural Control in Bilingual Language Processing Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/9941f6k8 Author Stasenko, Alena Publication Date 2020 Peer reviewed|Thesis/dissertation eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA SAN DIEGO SAN DIEGO STATE UNIVERSITY Cognitive and Neural Control in Bilingual Language Processing A dissertation suBmitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy in Clinical Psychology by Alena Stasenko Committee in charge. University of California San Diego Professor Tamar H. Gollan, Chair Professor Christina E. Wierenga, Co-Chair Professor Victor S. Ferreira San Diego State University Professor Karen Emmorey Professor Paul E. Gilbert 2020 The Dissertation of Alena Stasenko is approved, and it is acceptaBle in quality and form for puBlication on microfilm and electronically. Chair Co-Chair University of California San Diego San Diego State University 2020 iii DEDICATION In loving memory of my grandmother, Roza, who always believed in me and supported my research and career ambitions despite being almost 3,000 miles away. Thank you for being my number one fan. iv TABLE OF CONTENTS Signature Page .............................................................................................................................................. iii Dedication .................................................................................................................................................... iv TaBle of Contents .......................................................................................................................................... v List of TaBles ................................................................................................................................................ vi List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. vii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................................... viii Vita ................................................................................................................................................................ x Abstract of the Dissertation ......................................................................................................................... xii Introduction to the Dissertation ..................................................................................................................... 1 Chapter 1. Study 1 ......................................................................................................................................... 6 Abstract ............................................................................................................................................ 7 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 8 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 16 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 22 Discussion ....................................................................................................................................... 38 References ...................................................................................................................................... 48 Chapter 2. Study 2 ....................................................................................................................................... 63 Abstract .......................................................................................................................................... 64 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 65 Methods .......................................................................................................................................... 68 Results ............................................................................................................................................ 75 Discussion ...................................................................................................................................... 84 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 103 References .................................................................................................................................... 105 Chapter 3. Study 3 ..................................................................................................................................... 114 Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ 115 Introduction .................................................................................................................................. 116 Methods ........................................................................................................................................ 122 Results .......................................................................................................................................... 128 Discussion .................................................................................................................................... 132 Appendix ...................................................................................................................................... 147 References .................................................................................................................................... 151 Conclusion of the Dissertation .................................................................................................................. 160 References ................................................................................................................................................. 163 v LIST OF TABLES TaBle 1.1. Summary of behavioral and fMRI studies using the color-shape task switching paradigm to explore a bilingual advantage ..................................................................................................................... 56 TaBle 1.2. Means and standard deviations of participant characteristics and performance on executive function tasks, and statistics for group comparisons .................................................................................. 58 TaBle 1.3. Mean RTs and standard deviations in the color-shape switching task ...................................... 59 TaBle 1.4. Mean error rates and standard deviations in the language switching task for Bilinguals .......... 60 TaBle 1.5. Bivariate correlations among tasks for Bilingual participants ................................................... 61 TaBle 1.6. Bivariate correlations among tasks for monolingual participants ............................................. 62 TaBle 2.1. Participant demographics and bilingual language background characteristics ......................... 96 TaBle 2.2. Brain regions showing significantly higher BOLD response in regions of interest ................. 97 TaBle 2.3. Means and standard deviations of total paragraph reading times for each condition of interest in the fMRI task .............................................................................................................................................. 98 TaBle 2.4. a) Means, standard deviations and minimum and maximum number of intrusion and partial intrusion errors produced in the read aloud task. b) Means and standard deviations for reaction times in the read aloud task ....................................................................................................................................... 99 TaBle 2.5. Means and standard deviations for a) reaction time and B) error rates ................................... 100 TaBle 2.6. Associations Between fMRI data and Behavioral measures of language switching ................ 101 TaBle 2.7. Brain regions showing higher BOLD response for reading single-language paragraphs written in Spanish compared to single language paragraphs written in English .................................................. 102 TaBle 3.1. Participant demographics, language background characteristics, and cognitive performance .............................................................................................................................................. 142 TaBle 3.2. Structure of the language switching experiment ...................................................................... 143 TaBle 3.3. Means and (standard deviations) of reaction times in the language switching task ............... 144 TaBle 3.4. Results of a linear mixed effects model with reaction times (RTs; a) and errors (B) as the dependent variable for all mixed-language blocks ................................................................................... 145 TaBle 3.5. Results of a linear mixed effects