To Be Continued In Book Two W. C. FIELDS ON STAGE, RADIO, AND SCREEN: BECOMING A CULTURAL ICON N o t e s P R O L O G U E 1 . W. C. Fields, “Alcohol and Me,” PIC , October 13, 1942, 34. 2 . I b i d . 3 . History of State Fairgrounds , assessed December 17, 2008, http://www.ground- sforsculpture.org/fairhist.htm . 4 . NYW , July 3, 1929, scrapbook #13, WCFP. 5 . Boston Traveler , August 21, 1924, scrapbook #10, WCFP; Fields, “Alcohol and Me,” 34. 6 . “W. C. Fields Knew McGargle When He Was a Boy,” New York Sun , April 3, 1924, scrapbook #10, WCFP. 7 . Ruth Waterbury, “The Old Army Game,” Photoplay , October 1925, 68. 1 MEET THE DUKENFIELDS 1 . James Smart, “The Difficulty of Being Leroy Dukenfield,” PSBM , March 23, 1969, copy PFL; Poppy advertisements, box 9, clippings 1920–29, WCFP. 2 . H e n r y A s h m e a d , History of Delaware County (Philadelphia, PA: L. H. Everts, 1884), 530, assessed June 25, 2014, http//:www.delcohistory.org/Ashmead/ Asmead/_pg530.htm . 3 . W a l t e r L i c h t , Getting Work: Philadelphia, 1840–1950 (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1992), 16, 28. 4 . Ibid., 16. 5 . Application for Mother’s Army Pension of Ann Dukenfield, Protective War Claim Agency of the US Sanitary Commission, pension file #67844; George Dukenfield, file designation #44846, US National Archives & Records, Washington, DC. 6 . 1880 Federal Census and San Francisco City Directories (1879–81), http:// www.ancestry.com ; San Francisco Call Database—Death Index, accessed February 14, 2009, http://www.jwfgenresearch.com/SFCall/6900-44.htm ; Letter to George Stevenson, March 11, 1935, box 11, genealogy, WCFP. 7 . Letter to Jack Norworth, June 10, 1941, correspondence, box 4, WCFP. 232 Notes 8 . The Barber Shop , dialogue script, copyrighted July 28, 1933, MPD-LOC; W. C. Fields: Six Short Films , Criterion Collection, 2000. 9 . Letter to Harry Antrim, October 21, 1943, box 1, “A” personal file, corre- spondence, WCFP. 1 0 . J o h n L u k a c s , Philadelphia: Patricians & Philistines, 1900–1950 (New York: Farrar, Strauss, Giroux, 1981), 30; “W. C. Fields by Himself,” box 20, file 2, Biographical Writings, WCFP. 1 1 . C h a r l e s D i c k e n s , Works of Charles Dickens, Vol. XV: Pictures from Italy and American Notes (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1877), 282–83; Henry James, The American Scene, Together with Three Essays from Portraits of Places (New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1946), 282–83. 1 2 . The Quotations of W. C. Fields , compiled by Martin Lewis (New York: Drake Publishers, 1976), 10; WCFALOF , 215. 13 . 1880 Philadelphia Census, Fields’s biographical clipping file, AMPAS; “W. C. Fields: The Philadelphia Connection,” Darby Free Library; Philadelphia City Directories, PHS; Smart, PSBM , March 23, 1969, 6. 14 . Fields’s letter to Clerk, County of Common Pleas, County of Philadelphia, PA, February 19, 1942, box 11; copy of official decree from Court of Common Pleas, Commonwealth of Philadelphia, PA, May 9, 1951, box 11, WCFP. 1 5 . S m a r t , PSBM ; Corey Ford, The Time of Laughter (Boston, MA: Little Brown, 1967), 173. 16 . Corey Ford, “The One and Only W. C. Fields,” Harpers (October 1967): 65; Alva Johnston, “Juggling for Cakes,” This Week , September 12, 1938, clip- ping, scrapbook #4, WCFP; WCFBH , 12. 1 7 . The Barber Shop , dialogue script, MPD-LOC; W. C. Fields: Six Short Films , Criterion Collection, 2000. 18 . Ed Sullivan, “That Loveable Liar,” Silver Screen , September 1935, 15. 1 9 . WCFBH , 12. 20 . Jack Regan and Grace Reid, “The Two Sides of W. C. Fields,” Movie Mirror , April 1935, 39. 21 . Sherri Broder, Tramps, Unfit Mothers, and Neglected Children: Negotiating the Family in Nineteenth-Century Philadelphia (Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2002), 14. 22 . Letter to Jack Norworth, June 10, 1941, WCFP. 2 3 . I b i d . 2 4 . NYEW , January 28, 1931, clipping, scrapbook #13, WCFP. 2 5 . S m a r t , PSBM ; Mary B. Mullett, “Bill Fields Disliked His Label So He Laughed It Off,” American Magazine (January 1926): 19. 26 . David Thomson, “Fields of Dreams,” New Republic , May 26, 2003, 36; WCFBH , 12. 2 7 . WCFBH , 12. 28 . “Am I Laughing?” clipping, February 2, 1935, Johannesburg, South Africa, scrapbook #4, WCFP; James Smart, “Our Hero’s Birthday . City Disregards It,” PEB , January 29, 1970. Notes 233 29 . “Walter Winchell on Broadway,” ca. 1934, clipping, scrapbook #8, WCFP; Letter to John Bowyers, January 9, 1935, box 1, “B” miscellaneous correspon- dence file, WCFP. 30 . “W. C. Fields at Home,” Table Talk , May 28, 1914, scrapbook #29, WCFP. 3 1 . WCFBH , 6. 3 2 . Philadelphia Oakdale Weekly , May 13, 1913, clipping, box 19, vaudeville itin- eraries, WCFP. 33 . W. C. Fields copyright sketches, MSD-LOC. 3 4 . Green Room , July 1, 1914, clipping, scrapbook #29, WCFP. 35 . Smart, “Our Hero’s Birthday . City Disregards It”; James Smart, W. C. Fields in Philadelphia (Philadelphia, PA: The Shackamaxon Society, 1972), 2, 6; Letter to WCF, Jr., April 12, 1943, box 3, WCFP. 2 LIFE WITH FATHER 1 . Smart, “Our Hero’s Birthday,” B3. 2 . Smart, “W. C. Fields in Philadelphia,” 10. 3 . “The Ice Wagon Cometh,” American Heritage Magazine (June 1966), accessed November 26, 2008, http://www.americanheritage.com . 4 . Ida Zeitlin, “Life Begins at 20—Says W. C. Fields,” Motion Picture , September 1935, 70. 5 . So’s Your Old Man , MPD-LOC. 6 . S m a r t , W. C. Fields in Philadelphia , 6; Alfred Lief, Family Business: A Century in the Life and Times of Strawbridge & Clothier (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), 74–75. 7 . PI , October 14, 1997, Fields clipping file, PFL. 8 . S m a r t , W. C. Fields in Philadelphia , 4. 9 . I b i d . , 3 – 4 . 10 . Mullett, “Bill Fields Disliked His Label So He Laughed It Off,” 19. 1 1 . S m a r t , W. C. Fields in Philadelphia , 7; Autobiography #2, box 20, file #2, bio- graphical writings, “W. C. Fields by Himself,” WCFP; Teet Carle, “Beating the Drums for Another Comic of the Silents—W. C. Fields,” LAT , December 19, 1971, U22. 12 . Letter to Jack Norworth, March 9, 1940, box 4, WCFP; WCFBH , 450. 13 . Alva Johnston, “Profiles: Legitimate Nonchalance—1,” New Yorker (February 2, 1935): 24. 14 . Mullett, 19, 24. 15 . “The Most Delectable Food I Ever Tasted, by Gourmet Fields,” miscellaneous writings, box 20, file #6, WCFP; reprinted in WCFBH , 4–5. 16 . “An Actor Can Relax Only After He’s 60,” NYP , November 22, 1940, scrap- book #4, WCFP. 17 . John Chapman, “The Beloved,” Sunday News , October 16, 1938, clipping, WCF file, NYPL. 234 Notes 18 . Deposition of Walter Fields, box 38, file #24, July 31, 1951, WCFP; Jim Tully, “Let’s Laugh at Life with W. C. Fields,” Screen Play , June 1935, 31, 81. 19 . Letter to Harry Antrim, October 21, 1943, box 1, “A” personal file, corre- spondence, WCFP. 20 . Letters to Thomas A. Hunt, June 23, 1938, July 26, 1944, correspondence, box 3, WCFP. 21 . “Never So Insulted in My Life, Says Fields, Actor 40 years,” clipping, WCF file, NYPL; WCFBH , 186. 22 . Chapman, “The Beloved”; Mullett, 19. 23 . C. H. W., “Good Old Billy, May His Shadow Never Grow Less,” Theatre (March 1904): 23, clipping, scrapbook, # 27, WCFP; WCFBH , 20–21. 24 . Maude Cheatham, “Juggler of Laughs,” Silver Screen , April 1935, 30. 25 . Ida Zeitlin, “Life Begins at Fifty!” Screenland (April 1935): 86; Carle, “Beating the Drums for Another Comic of the Silents,” U22; Carle, “Biography of W. C. Fields,” May 1932, Mack Sennett Collection, folder #1021, AMPAS; W. C. Fields Straight Up , television special, unedited interview with Teet Carle, UCLA Film and Television Archive. 26 . Chapman, “The Beloved; Jim Tully, “Clowns Never Laugh,” This Week , mag- azine section, September 6, 1936, 7, WCF clipping file, HTC. 27 . E. B. White, Obituary, “Note,” New Yorker, December 23, 1950, 39; Fields’s letter to Roger C. Spratt, March 25, 1938, WCFBH , 12; Johnston, “Legitimate Nonchalance—1,” 23–24. 28 . Letter from Tom Geraghty, March 4, 1935, correspondence, box 3, WCFP; see also Fields’s letters to Geraghty, February 11, 1935, March 26, 1935, WCFP. 29 . Robert Lewis Taylor, W. C. Fields: His Follies and Fortunes (New York: Doubleday, 1949), 20. 30 . “W. C. Fields at Home,” Melbourne Table Talk , May 28, 1914, scrapbook #29, WCFP. 31 . W. C. Fields, “Ups and Downs of Long and Interesting Career Told by W. C. Fields, Down Memory Lane!,” clippings, May 2, 1926, MCNY. 3 THE TRAMP JUGGLER 1 . PI , October 10, 1893, 2. 2 . Eight Bells script, RBD-LOC, copyright stamped, May 14, 1891, #16671. 3 . “Clang! Clang! Clang! Comedian W. C. Fields Rides the Air Waves to New Fame,” St. Louis Star-Times , June 4, 1937, scrapbook #9, WCFP. 4 . CT , April 19, 1902, scrapbook #20, WCFP; Washington Herald , November 15, 1925, scrapbook #10, WCFP; W. C. Fields, “From Boy Juggler to Star Comedian,” Theater (October 1928): 44. 5 . VW , 33. Notes 235 6 . “Simple Juggling Tricks ‘Take’ Where Difficult Stunts Fail,” Portland Evening Express , April 23, 1908, scrapbook #23, WCFP; “How I Became a Juggler,” Music Hall and Theatre Review (London), August 28, 1908, scrapbook #23, WCFP; NYH , February 10, 1924, May 18, 1924, scrapbook #10, WCFP; Washington Herald , November 15, 1925. 7 . Blackpool Times and Flyde Observer , July 6, 1901, scrapbook #20, WCFP; Washington Herald , November 15, 1925; Smart, W. C. Fields in Philadelphia , 7; Sioux City Livestock Record , November 14, 1902, scrap- book #2, WCFP. 8 . WCFBH , 7; NYH , February 10, 1924; http://www.juggling.org/fame/ cinquevalli , assessed July 5, 2009.