International Journal on ISSN 2077-3528 “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering” IJTPE Journal (IJTPE) www.iotpe.com Published by International Organization of IOTPE [email protected] December 2020 Issue 45 Volume 12 Number 4 Pages 28-35 QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE CHARACTERIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN WESTERN ALGERIA: IMPACT OF POPULATION GROWTH F.Z. Derias * M. Mekakia Mehdi Z. Lounis Laboratory of Industrial Safety and Sustainable Development Engineering, Institute of maintenance and industrial Safety, University of Oran 2 Mohamed Ben Ahmed, Bir El Djir, Oran, Algeria [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] *. Corresponding Author Abstract- The growth in population, the emergence of atmosphere to many hygiene and sanitation issues, such as new materials and packaging culture, the emergence of leachate production. This last is a liquid that contains socio-economic activities, and changes in lifestyle and higher levels of contaminants in young landfills than in old consumption, have greatly favored urban waste ones [2]. The waste management status represents not just generation. The goal of this analysis is to see the evolution the amount of garbage output but also the quality of the of waste output in urban areas in recent years (2012/2019) problem's preservation at the level of the responsible and to see the factors affecting the quantity and quality of authorities. waste generated in the west Algerian town of Oran. This More than 3000 so-called unregulated landfills were would contribute to better decision-making surrounding reported by the Ministry of the Environment, covering a the current situation. This research has shown that the region of more than 150,000 hectares and generally located population of the state of Oran is gradually growing each on agricultural land or by rivers [3], and prior to 2012, year and is moving in the Bir El Djir and Essenia sectors. urban waste management in Oran was restricted to illegal The analysis of the waste indicated that household waste dumping [4]. The objective of this study is to see the is mostly medium in size between 20 and 100 mm, so the development of waste management in urban areas in recent study showed that household and related waste from the years (2012/2019) and to see factors that affect the quantity town of Oran produces a significant volume of and nature of waste output in the western Algerian city of biodegradable waste that can be recovered by composting. Oran. Which should aid in successful decision-making The findings of this study can help to identify safe, and upon on current situation. long-term solid waste management systems. 2. MATERIALS AND METHODS Keywords: Household, Waste, Characterization, Population Growth, Municipal Solid Waste, Waste 2.1. Study Area Sorting. The state of Oran is an Algerian regional district situated in the northwest of the country with a total area of 1. INTRODUCTION 2,114 km2 and a population of 1,454,078 in 2008. It has a The growth in population, the emergence of new Mediterranean Sea climate with an average temperature of materials and packaging culture, the emergence of socio- 34 °C. Oran reflects Algeria's economic center owing to its economic activities, and changes in lifestyle and significant strategic position and the resources it includes. consumption, have greatly favored urban Growth of the It comprises two operating dams, a container terminal, an population, the advancement of socio-economic practices, oil terminal, 13 clinics, four large manufacturing centers, and improvements in lifestyle and use lead significantly to three universities, and more facilities. the production of urban waste. In Algeria, there were 10.6 million tons of waste generated in 2010 [1], 11 million tons 2.2. Population Growth Evolution in Oran produced in 2014, and 14 million tons produced in 2017 The western statistics center of Oran has carried out (national waste agency). demographic surveys during the past ten years [5]. In Algeria, as in other developing countries, the population is growing faster in major cities and affects 2.3. Evolution of Waste Generation and Composition in waste development in urban regions, which needs a great Oran deal of investment in the disposal and/or treatment and The waste generation data were obtained from the therefore contributes to the contamination of municipal EPIC CET ORAN database for the years 2012/2018. Four landfills and landfill sites, thereby exposing people and the double waste characterization campaigns (two for each 28 International Journal on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering” (IJTPE), Iss. 45, Vol. 12, No. 4, Dec. 2020 season) in conjunction with MODECOM [6], and the AFNOR Guideline (AFNOR XP X30-411) were undertaken during 2017, 2018 and 2019 at the Hassi Bounif landfill on numerous trucks coming from separate sectors of Bir El Djir as shown in Table 1. Figure 2a. Sorting tables modeling by SolidWorks Figure 2b. Choice of sheet metal to withstand a weight of 500 kg Figure 1. presentation of study area (google images) Figure 2c. Floors of sorting table designed by SolidWorks Table 1. Time of unfolding of campaigns 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Campaign Period C1 Winter 2017/2018/2019 3.1 . Evolution of Population Growth in Oran C2 Spring 2018 /2019 The analysis of the evolution of the population in Oran C3 Ramadhan 2018 shows a remarkable increase of the population from C4 Autumn 2018/2019 1,454,078 people in 2008 to 1,778,824 people in 2018. This increase is explained by two factors: increase of On the sorting tables planned for this stage, sorting by reproduction rate and mutations, development people due size followed by sorting by category was realized. A to various socioeconomic activities in Oran (Figure 3). simulation and optimization design of the sorting tables was carried out with the program SolidWorks before their 3.2. Land Use manufacturing (Figures 2a, 2b, 2c). The multi-date satellite images of the satellite pot made it possible to discern shifts in the land use of the state of 2.4. Physicochemical Characteristics of Waste Oran, which since 1986 [7], has undergone a rather For the physicochemical study, the sorted waste was impressive urban development. The findings revealed a net transported to the laboratory to be analyzed: pH by pH growth of 11.41 percent in built-up land between 1986 and meter, density by weight, moisture content by drying at 2004, with an overall decline of 12.23 percent in bare 105 °C as defined by Afnor NF U 44-171 and organic space and a marginal rise in vegetation areas Figure 5 [7]. matter content by incineration at 550 °C as per Afnor NF Also, the most remarkable and visible urban extension is U 44-160. located in the east at Bir El Djir and southeast at Essenia Figure 6 [7]. 29 International Journal on “Technical and Physical Problems of Engineering” (IJTPE), Iss. 45, Vol. 12, No. 4, Dec. 2020 1520483.2 1605588.314 2000000 1454078 1561978.32 1699687.517 1651444.607 1750466.889 1681166.248 1713108.407 1745657.467 1500000 1778824.959 1000000 500000 2008 2009 2010 2011 Population Population 0 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 Year Figure 3. Evolution of population growth at Oran Hassi Misserghin El Braya Boutlelis Ain Kerma Hassi Misserghin Ain Kerma Benfreha Mefsouk 2% 0% 2% 0% Ben Hassi Mefsoukh 2% 1% 1% h Okba 1% Sidi Ben Boutlelis 1% Sidi Ben Yabka Ain Biya 1% Ain Biya El Braya Yabka 2% 0% 2% 2% Hassi Ben Okba 0% Benfreha 1% 1% Bousfer 1% El Karma 1% El Karma 2% 2% Bousfer Mers El Kebir 1% 1% Mers El Kebir Boufatis 1% Boufatis 1% 1% Oran Tafraoui 32% 1% Tafraoui Sidi Chami Oran 1% Sidi Chami Oued Tlelat 7% 1% 42% 10% Oued Tlelat El Ancar 1% 1% El Ancar 1% Ain Turk Ain Turk 3% 3% Arzew Marsat El 5% Marsat El Hadjadj Arzew Hadjadj 1% 4% 1% Es Senia Gdyel 7% Es Senia 2% Bethioua 8% Bir El Djir Bethioua 1% Bir El Djir 17% 1% 10% Hassi Bounif Gdyel Hassi Bounif 4% 3% 4% 2008 population 2018 population Benfreha Hassi Boutlelis Misserghin Ain Kerma 1% Mefsouk 2% Hassi Ben Okba Benfreha Sidi Ben Misserghin Ain Kerma 2% 0% h 1% 1% Yabka 2% 0% Ain Biya Hassi Ben Okba 1%Sidi Ben 1% Boutlelis 2% El Braya Ain Biya El Karma 1% Yabka Hassi 2% 0% 2% 2% El Braya 1% Mefsouk h Bousfer 0% El Karma 1% 1% 2% Mers El Kebir Bousfer Mers El Kebir 1% 1% 1% Boufatis Boufatis 1% 1% Oran Tafraoui 34% 1% Tafraoui Oran Sidi Chami 1% Sidi Chami 40% 9% Oued Tlelat 8% Oued Tlelat 1% 1% El Ancar El Ancar 1% 1% Ain Turk Ain Turk 3% 3% Marsat El Hadjadj Arzew Marsat El Hadjadj 1% Arzew 5% 1% 4% Bethioua Es Senia Es Senia 1% Gdyel 7% 7% Bethioua Bir El Djir 2% Bir El Djir 1% 16% 12% Gdyel Hassi Bounif Hassi Bounif 3% 4% 4% 2016 population 2010 population Benfreha Sidi Ben Yabka Boutlelis Ain Kerma Hassi Ben Okba Boutlelis Ain Kerma Ain Biya Hassi Ben Okba 1% 1% 2% 0% Sidi Ben Yabka 1% Misserghin 1% 1% Misserghin 2% 0% 2% Ain Biya 2% El Braya 2% El Braya Hassi Mefsoukh Hassi Mefsoukh 2% 0% 1% 0% 1% El Karma Benfreha El Karma 2% 1% Bousfer 2% 1% Bousfer Mers El Kebir 1% 1% Mers El Kebir Boufatis 1% Boufatis 1% 1% Oran Tafraoui 36% 1% Oran Sidi Chami Sidi Chami 38% Tafraoui 9% 8% 1% Oued Tlelat 1% Oued Tlelat 1% El Ancar 1% El Ancar Ain Turk 1% 3% Marsat El Arzew Ain Turk Arzew Hadjadj 4% 3% 4% 1% Es Senia Es Senia 7% Bethioua 7% Gdyel Marsat El Bir El Djir 1% Bir El Djir 2% Hadjadj 14% 13% Gdyel 1% 3% Hassi Bounif Hassi Bounif 4% Bethioua 4% 1% 2014 population 2012 population Figure 4.