Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 The health of indigenous people is an issue that too many governments have avoided and neglected for far too long with the result being that very many of the world’s indigenous populations have health outcomes far inferior to majority populations. This book makes it clear that these unacceptable outcomes are politi- cally and socially determined and seeks to locate indigenous health outcomes in a context of several decades of global market integration that has seen some better outcomes for some indigenous populations but which has also thrown up consid- erable inequalities that make improved health and lifestyles for these populations a vital challenge for policy makers and for the communities involved. Innovative responses are required, and this book provides the basis for far better informed approaches to indigenous health outcomes. Kevin Hewison, Weldon E. Thornton Distinguished Emeritus Professor at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill This book provides an impressive overview of the problems that continue to face indigenous peoples all over the developed and developing world. Variously mar- ginalised by processes of modernisation, colonisation, industrial development and globalisation, those that can be defined as indigenous peoples almost everywhere face discrimination and are disproportionately represented in the ranks of the socially and economically disadvantaged. Such a situation, as the book shows, can be easily discerned from the generally poorer conditions of health that indig- enous peoples generally enjoy. The book raises important questions about how we understand such fundamental issues as social justice, development and modernity on the basis of the plight of indigenous peoples. Vedi Hadiz, Professor of Asian Studies at the University of Melbourne, Australia This important contribution to indigenous studies highlights changes initiated by the forces of globalization. It is an extremely interesting study that weaves together stories of various indigenous groups across the world to discuss policy failures and ramifications. Ahmed Shafiqul Huque, PhD, Professor and Chair, Department of Political Science, McMaster University, Canada Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 Globalization and the Health of Indigenous Peoples In 70 countries worldwide, there are an estimated 370 million Indigenous peoples, and their rich diversity of cultures, religions, traditions, languages and histories has been a significant source of our scholarships. However, the health status of this population group is far below that of non-Indigenous populations by all standards. Could the persisting reluctance to understand the influence of self-governance, globalization and social determinants of health in the lives of these people be deemed as a contributor to the poor health of Indigenous peoples? Within this volume, Ullah explores the gap in health status between Indigenous and non-Indigenous peoples by providing a comparative assessment of socioeco- nomic and health indicators for Indigenous peoples, government policies, and the ways in which Indigenous peoples have been resisting and adapting to state policies. A timely book for a growing field of study, Globalization and the Health of Indigenous Peoples is a must read for academics, policy makers, and practitioners who are interested in Indigenous studies and in understanding the role that global- ization plays for the improvement of Indigenous peoples’ health across the world. AKM Ahsan Ullah is Associate Professor of Geography, Environment and Devel- opment studies and Deputy Dean of Graduate Studies and Research, Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences (FASS), at the University of Brunei Darussalam, Brunei. Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 Routledge Studies in Health and Social Welfare For a full list of titles in this series, please visit www.routledge.com 7 Transnational Social Support Edited by Adrienne Chambon, Wolfgang Schröer and Cornelia Schweppe 8 The Transformation of Contemporary Health Care The Market, the Laboratory, and the Forum Tiago Moreira 9 Children with Gender Identity Disorder A Clinical, Ethical, and Legal Analysis Simona Giordano 10 Social Housing in Transition Countries Edited by József Hegedüs, Martin Lux and Nóra Teller 11 Philosophies and Practices of Emancipatory Nursing Social Justice as Praxis Edited by Paula N. Kagan, Marlaine C. Smith and Peggy L. Chinn 12 Comprehensive Care for HIV/AIDS Community-Based Strategies Teresa L. Scheid 13 The Ethics of Care Moral Knowledge, Communication and the Art of Caregiving Edited by Alan Blum and Stuart Murray Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 14 Diverse Perspectives on Aging in a Changing World Edited by Gillian Joseph 15 Globalization and the Health of Indigenous Peoples From Colonization to Self-Rule AKM Ahsan Ullah Globalization and the Health of Indigenous Peoples From Colonization to Self-Rule AKM Ahsan Ullah Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 First published 2017 by Routledge 711 Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017 and by Routledge 2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business © 2017 AKM Ahsan Ullah The right of AKM Ahsan Ullah to be identified as author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and explanation without intent to infringe. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book has been requested ISBN: 978-1-138-82187-3 (hbk) ISBN: 978-1-315-74283-0 (ebk) Typeset in Times New Roman by Apex CoVantage, LLC Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 Contents List of Illustrations viii Abbreviations ix 1 Introduction: Indigenous Peoples in the Globalizing World 1 2 Locating the Indigenous Peoples 14 3 Globalization and Social Determinants of Health 40 4 Globalization and Self-Governance 67 5 Improving Health by Self-Governance 80 6 Policies, Governance and International Processes 95 7 Discussions and Policy Recommendations 109 References 122 Index 148 Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 Illustrations Figure 3.1 Social determinants of health 44 Tables 2.1 Indigenous populations in the Middle East and Africa 19 2.2 Indigenous populations in the Arctic 24 2.3 North American Region 26 2.4 South American Region 27 2.5 The Pacific Region 28 2.6 South Asian Region 29 Map 2.1 Showing locations and number of Indigenous populations 18 Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 Abbreviations ABS Australian Bureau of Statistics ACOBOL Female Councilors’ Association of Bolivia AIWN Asian Indigenous Women’s Network ALMG Academy of Maya Languages of Guatemala AMAP Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme ANIPA Plural National Indigenous Assembly for Autonomy ATSIC Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Commission BBC British Broadcasting Corporation BCS Bangladesh Civil Service BNP Bangladesh National Party BRAC Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee CDEP Community Development Employment Projects CDES Centre for Economic and Social Rights CEH Commission for Historical Clarification CEJIS Center for Indigenous and Social Legal Studies CHT Chittagong Hill Tracts CHTDF Chittagong Hill Tracts Development Fund CHTRC Chittagong Hill Tracts Regional Council CIHI Canadian Institute for Health Information CIP Permanent Indian Congress CIRABO Bolivian Amazon Indigenous Coordinating Committee CIT Tayrona Indigenous Confederation CNE National Electoral Convention of Indigenous Peoples CNI National Indigenous Congress CNN Cable News Network CNPI National Council of Indigenous Peoples Downloaded by [University of California, San Diego] at 20:05 24 May 2017 COMG Council of Mayan Organizations of Guatemala COPMAGUA Coordination of Organizations of the Mayan People of Guatemala CPP Communist Party of the Philippines CRIC Cauca Regional Indigenous Council DIAND Department of Indian Affairs and Northern Development DUSAKAW Indigenous Health Care Providing Enterprise in Northern Colombia x Abbreviations ECOSOC United Nations Economic and Social Council EMRIP Expert Mechanism on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples ESC Economic and Social Council EU European Union FIB Indigenous Federation of the State of Bolivar FPIC Free, Prior and Informed Consent GCG Global Coordinating Group HDC Hill District Councils HIV/AIDS Human immunodeficiency virus infection / acquired immunode- ficiency syndrome HRC Human Rights Council HRDC Human Resources Development Canada HREOC Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission IASG Inter-Agency Support Group ICTs Information and Communications Technologies IDH Human Development