New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan The Workforce Opportunity of Offshore Wind in New York NYSERDA Report 17-25t December 2017 NYSERDA’s Promise to New Yorkers: NYSERDA provides resources, expertise, and objective information so New Yorkers can make confident, informed energy decisions. Mission Statement: Advance innovative energy solutions in ways that improve New York’s economy and environment. Vision Statement: Serve as a catalyst – advancing energy innovation, technology, and investment; transforming New York’s economy; and empowering people to choose clean and efficient energy as part of their everyday lives. Cover Image Source: LM Windpower New York State Offshore Wind Master Plan The Workforce Opportunity of Offshore Wind in New York Final Report Prepared for: New York State Energy Research and Development Authority Prepared by: BVG Associates Cricklade, United Kingdom Stantec New York, New York GLWN Cleveland, Ohio NYSERDA Report 17-25t December 2017 Notice This study was prepared by BVG Associates, Stantec, and GLWN (Contractors) in the course of performing work contracted for and sponsored by the State of New York through its agencies and public-benefit corporations (the State). The State and the Contractors make no warranties or representations, expressed or implied, as to the fitness for particular purpose or merchantability of any product, apparatus, or service, or the usefulness, completeness, or accuracy of any processes, methods, or other information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this study. The State and the Contractors make no representation that the use of any product, apparatus, process, method, or other information will not infringe privately owned rights and will assume no liability for any loss, injury, or damage resulting from, or occurring in connection with, the use of information contained, described, disclosed, or referred to in this study. No State or federal agency or entity has committed to any specific course of action with respect to the future development of offshore wind projects discussed in this study. This study does not commit any governmental agency or entity to any specific course of action, or otherwise pre-determine any outcome under State or federal law. Any future offshore wind project will be required to meet all State and federal permit or license approvals, including but not limited to under the Coastal Zone Management Act, prior to proceeding with development. 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Information contained in this study, such as web page addresses, are current at the time of publication. iii Table of Contents Notice ........................................................................................................................................iii List of Figures .......................................................................................................................... v List of Tables ............................................................................................................................vi Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................vii Summary ............................................................................................................................... S-1 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 2 Methodology ..................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Supply Chain Analysis .................................................................................................................. 3 2.2 Demand for New York Workers .................................................................................................... 4 2.2.1 Supply Chain Narratives ....................................................................................................... 4 2.2.2 Worker Demand Analysis ...................................................................................................... 6 3 Supply Chain Analysis ..................................................................................................... 9 3.1 Project Development and Management ........................................................................................ 9 3.2 Turbine Supply ............................................................................................................................ 10 3.2.1 Nacelle and Rotor Assembly ............................................................................................... 10 3.2.2 Blades ................................................................................................................................. 15 3.2.3 Towers ................................................................................................................................. 19 3.3 Balance of Plant .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.1 Foundation .......................................................................................................................... 23 3.3.2 Array and Export Cables ..................................................................................................... 28 3.3.3 Substation Supply and Operational Infrastructure .............................................................. 32 3.4 Installation and Commissioning .................................................................................................. 36 3.5 Operations and Maintenance ...................................................................................................... 42 3.6 Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 47 4 Economic Impacts of Offshore Wind ..............................................................................49 4.1 New York Job Creation and Economic Impacts .......................................................................... 49 4.1.1 High Market, High Local Content ........................................................................................ 50 4.1.2 High Market, Base Local Content ....................................................................................... 53 4.1.3 Low Market, High Local Content ......................................................................................... 56 4.1.4 Low Market, Base Local Content ........................................................................................ 58 4.2 Offshore Wind Lifetime Costs ..................................................................................................... 60 4.3 Discussion ................................................................................................................................... 62 iv 5 References .......................................................................................................................64 Appendix A. Detail of Education and Skills Requirements ................................................ A-1 Appendix B. Technical Training Provision .......................................................................... B-1 Appendix C. New York Ports Analysis ................................................................................ C-1 Appendix D. Supply Chains Narratives ............................................................................... D-1 List of Figures Figure 1. Annual and Cumulative Capacity to 2030 in the High and Low Market Scenarios ....................................................................................................................... 6 Figure 2. Diagram Showing the Main Turbine Components. .....................................................11 Figure 3. Nordex Wind Turbine Hub Assembly..........................................................................14 Figure 4. Vestas blade Factory in Windsor, CO. ........................................................................15 Figure 5. Siemen’s Gamesa Blade Production. .........................................................................16 Figure 6. Ventower Welding Tower Sections. ............................................................................20 Figure 7. Ventower Welding Tower Flange. ..............................................................................20 Figure 8. Fabrication of the Block Island Foundations at Gulf Island Fabrication in Houma, Louisiana..........................................................................................................24 Figure 9. Gulf Island Fabrication Welders Working on the Jacket Foundation for Block Island.............................................................................................................................26 Figure 10. Array and Export Cable Routes for the London Array Wind Farm ............................28 Figure 11. Prysmian Lexington SC High-Voltage Cable Factory.