Alexei Titkov ‘PARTY NUMBER FOUR’ Rodina: Whence and Why? Panorama Centre Moscow 2006 УДК 329(470) ББК 66.69(2Рос) П18 Партия номер четыре. «Родина»: Куда и зачем? (на англий- ском языке) – / А.С.Титков, под ред. Е.Михайловской при уча- стии Г.В.Белонучкина. Перевод М.Габовича. – М.: РОО «Центр «Панорама», 2006. - 70 с. (Научное издание). Party Number Four. Rodina: Whence and Why? by Alexei Titkov, edited by Ekaterina Mikhailovskaia with Grigory Belonuch- kin. Translated by Mischa Gabowitsch. Moscow: Panorama, 2006. 70 pages. ISBN 5–94420-021-9 This brochure is about the Rodina electoral bloc in the 2003 Duma elec- tions, the Rodina fraction in the Duma, and the party of the same name, created in 2004 and headed by Dmitri Rogozin. The brochure gives an account of the emergence of Rodina and describes its constituent parts and internal conflicts as well as key events, in particular the split of the fraction, the story of the ‘Letter of the 500’, Rodina’s participa- tion in regional electoral campaigns etc. It includes biographies of the leaders of the fraction and party (Dmitri Rogozin, Sergei Glazyev, Andrei Saveliev, Natalia Narochnitskaia). This brochure will be of interest to political scientists, journalists and histo- rians, as well as to all those interested in contemporary Russian politics. Published with the support of the Henry M. Jackson Foundation. Cover design: Alexander Petrushin. The cover illustration includes pictures of a wooden educational toy produced by Fabrika igrushek Ltd – http://vozik.ru. You are free to reproduce the entire text of this book or any part thereof as long as you properly attribute it. Web site: http://orodine.ru ISBN 5–94420-021-9 Panorama Centre, 2006 Contents Foreword..........................................................................4 What is Rodina..................................................................6 The Nine Faces of Rodina......................................................6 2003. The Construction and Launch of the Rodina Comet.......11 2004. The Presidential Election and the First Split............18 The ‘Year of Truth’ and its Consequences..........................20 Rodina at the regional elections..........................................29 Is it true that Rodina......................................................30 The ‘Oligarchs’...................................................................30 ‘A Kremlin Party’................................................................33 ‘Nationalists’........................................................35 Scenes from the Life of Rodina........................................39 The ‘Letter of the 500’.......................................................39 The ‘Let Us Purge Moscow!’ TV spot.....................................42 Rodina’s bills...................................................................47 Dramatis personæ.............................................49 The electoral list...............................................................49 Dmitri Olegovich Rogozin..................................................49 Sergei Yurievich Glazyev....................................................54 Andrei Nikolaevich Saveliev...............................................58 Alexander Mikhailovich Babakov.........................................61 Natalia Alekseevna Narochnitskaia......................................62 Afterword....................................................................64 Notes............................................................................67 Foreword Rodina (an electoral bloc, a political party and a parliamentary fraction) has been the most interesting political project in Russia in 2003–2006. The dramatic twists in Rodina’s fate – its sudden ini- tial ascent, the serious internal conflicts and tensions, the party’s attempt to play a political game of its own and the ensuing sanc- tions – highlight more general and deep-seated recent tendencies in Russian politics. The stoqry of Rodina shows that nationalism goes down well with voters and that the Kremlin exercises full control over the party system. The literature about Rodina, the bloc as well as the party, is scanty. Its early history (until the spring of 2004) is described in detail, though not impartially, in a book by Olga Sagareva, the bloc’s former press spokeswoman.1 The party’s ideological platform is analysed in an article by Marlène Laruelle.2 And that’s all – beyond this we’re left with press articles which are often interesting but do not provide a comprehensive idea of Rodina. This brochure is an attempt to fill that gap. This study is based on data from publicly available sources, in- cluding press publications, transcripts of TV and radio appearances, official documents from the State Duma, electoral commissions, and the party/bloc itself. The personal impressions our correspond- ents gained at congresses, mass-meetings, pickets, meetings with voters and other events organised by Rodina activists are another important source. The biographies are based on material provided by Vladimir Pribylovsky, who kindly agreed to read the entire manu- script of the book. We have greatly profited from data provided by the SOVA research centre, especially concerning the ‘Letter of the 500/5000’. We would also like to thank all participants of a round table discussion on the future of Rodina at the Panorama Centre on 2 February 2006: the opinions expressed during that discussion have informed the final stages of work on the brochure. Our colleagues at the Panorama Centre, especially Ilya Budraitskis and Yulia Smoliakova, have also made a substantial contribution. To all of them go our heartfelt thanks. The main body of the text was finished in February 2006. Minor corrections were made until mid-March. The afterword was written on 26 March. 5 ‘Party Number Four.’ Rodina: Whence and Why? is the final report on a research project ‘Rodina i okrestnosti’ (Rodina in context) car- ried out by Panorama in June 2005 – March 2006. The other data gathered during that project are presented online at http://orodine. ru. Readers looking for more detailed information about Rodina are invited to consult that web site. Please e-mail your corrections, remarks and suggestions to [email protected]. Translator’s note: A somewhat inconsistent but readable ‘journal- istic’ transliteration system has been used in the main body of the text to make it more accessible to non-specialist readers. Russian sources quoted in the footnotes and elsewhere are transliterated us- ing a simplified version of the Library of Congress system. What is Rodina The Rodina (Motherland) bloc was the main political newcomer in Russia’s 2003 parliamentary elections: it garnered almost one-tenth of all votes cast and entered the State Duma along with three ‘old’ parties: United Russia (Yedinaia Rossiia), the Communist Party of the Russian Federation (Kommunisticheskaia partiya Rossiyskoy Federacii, CRPF) and the Liberal-Democratic Party of Russia (Lib- eralno-demokraticheskaia partiya Rossii, LDPR). The following year saw the creation of a party of the same name that continued the bloc’s political line. In contemporary Russian politics, few parties at- tract such perplexed interest. Rodina is often mentioned to substantiate warnings about the threat of nationalism, xenophobia and a new redistribution of prop- erty in Russia. It is therefore important to understand whether Ro- dina represents a genuine danger, and, if it does, what the extent of that danger is. Political commentators are predicting that Russia will increasingly move towards a ‘few-party’ system dominated by one party, United Russia. This makes one wonder whether Rodina – an ambitious party which nevertheless has yet to grow if it wants to be a match for the top three – will be able to find a place for itself in the new political reality. Finally, more than any other party, Rodina warrants the puzzled question: what is it, and where does it come from? It is not easy to find even a formal answer to that question. There is a steady stream of news about the Rodina party, the Rodina bloc, and other organisations bearing that name; these reports produce the impression that we are dealing with an unstable entity that is constantly at odds with itself and the surrounding world. Anyone reading or writing about the variety of Rodinas must first pause to count its different – or identical – manifestations. The Nine Faces of Rodina 1–2. The ‘Rodina (People’s Patriotic Union – Narodno-patriot- ichesky soyuz)’ electoral bloc in the State Duma elections in 2003. Its governing body is a supreme council elected at the bloc’s found- ing conference in September 2003. In 2003, the supreme council’s co-chairmen were Sergei Baburin, Sergei Glazyev, Dmitri Rogozin What is Rodina 7 and Yuri Skokov. As of early 2006 there are two competing ‘supreme councils of the Rodina bloc’: one is chaired by Dmitri Rogozin and Sergei Glazyev, the other by Sergei Baburin (People’s Will, Narod- naia Volya) and Vasili Shestakov (Socialist United Party of Russia – Socialisticheskaia yedinaia partiya Rossii, SUPR). 3. The ‘Rodina (People’s Patriotic Union)’ fraction in the State Duma, co-chaired (since July 2005) by Dmitri Rogozin, Sergei Gla- zyev and Valentin Varennikov. As of February 2006 it consists of 29 deputies. 4. The ‘People’s Patriotic Union “Rodina” (People’s Will - SUPR)’ fraction in the State Duma. This was created in July 2005 and is chaired by Sergei Baburin. As of February 2006 it comprises 12 deputies. 5. The Rodina