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Orange Street, Leicester Square, London, W. 0. AIESSR&. GRINDT.AY & Oo•• 54, Parliament Street, London, S.W. MESSRS KEGA!i, l'AUL, l'BI!:NCH, TRUBNER & Co., 68-H, Oarter Laue, London, E. 0.; Oriental Department, 25, Museum Street, London, W. 0. !lilt. B. QDAlUTCH, 11, Grafton Street, New Bond Street, London. W, M!!:I:!SBS • .W. TH.&CitER & Oo., ll, Oreed Laue, Lodgate Hill, Londou, .UESSRS."·0. P. S. KING & SoN, ll and 4, Great Smith Stretst, Westminster, Loudon, S. W. MESSRS. H. S. KiNG & Co., 65, 'Oornhill, Loudon, :K.C. MR. B. H. BLACKWELL, 50.51, Broad Street, Oxford. MESSRS. DEIGHTON BELL & Oo., Ld., Trinity Street, Oambridge. MESSRS. LUZAC "' Oo., 46, Cireat Russell Street, Loudon, W.O. MESSRS. OLIVER AND BOYD, ~'weeddale Oourt, Edinburgh. .M.I!:SSRS. K. PONI:!ONBY, LD., 116, Grafton Street, Dublin. llfllo T. FISHii:R UNWIN, LIMITED. 1, Adelphi Terrace, Loudon, W.O. MESSRS. WILLIAM WESLEY & SONo 28, Essex Street. Strand, LOndon. Ull lht Conllnmi- MB. ERNI!:ST LJ:ROUX, Roe lionaparte, Paris, Franc~. Al.R. MARTINOS NIIHOFI!', 'l'he Hague, Holland. DaJGAL DISTRICT GAZETTEERS~. 1'.1ALDA. ,,' ... BENGAL DISTRICT GAZETTEERS. MALDA BY G. E. LAI\,BOURN1 EsQ.• B.A. INDIAN CIVIL SERVICE. CALCUTTA: A THE BENGAL SECRETARIAT BOOK DEPOT. 1918. BOOKS OF REFERENCE. ~IARTIN's EASTER~ bDIA4Dr. Buchanan Hamilton's revorts). STATISTICAL ACCOUNT OF A!ALDA DISTRICT-Sir W. Hunter. STEWART'S IJISTORY OF BENGAL. ARCH-EOLOGICAL SURVEY REPORTS by General Cunningham. RAvENsuAw's GAUR. GAUR by Rajani Kanta Chakravarti. NoTES ON GAUR & PANDUA by 1\1. Abid Ali Khan, r. ·w. D. J. A. S. B., VoL. XLII, P. 255-Mr. Dlockmunu. PUBLICATIONS OF BARENDRA RESEARCH SoCIETY. LIST OF ANClE!'lT MONUMENTS OF BENGAL, 1895. TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Physical Aspects. PAGES. GENERJ.L DESCRIPTION -Boundaries-Origin of name-Natural Divi­ sions-Hills-Scenery-UIVEB SYSTEM-=-Tbe Ganges-The Mahii­ nandll-Tbe Kil.lindri-The Tangan-The PiirnaLhabii-SwUJPB­ GEOLOGY-FAUNA-:Game Birds-Fisb-BOTANY-CLIM'ATK-Winds -Rainfall-Temperature ·~ .:. : i-9 - .. CHAPTER II. Hl.story. EARLY HISTOBY-MAHO:MEDAN DYNASTIES-BRITISH RULE ••• 10-24 CHAPTER Ill. The People •. GaowTH or PoPULATION-CENsus or 1901--UsNsus OF 1911-DENSITY OF POPULATION-MJGBATION-TOWNS AND VILLAGJci-:-u -LANGUAGE-ETHNOLOGY-Mahomedans-Hindus..:....Chief Castes­ Sontbals--<.:bristians-MAHO:MIDAN RELIGION~Popular Mabome­ danism-HINDU RELIGION-Hindu Popular Religion-ANiliiSH­ Soci.lL SYSTEH-House~-Dress-Arts--Domestic Life--,-Poi.ITICAL MO\"EMEhs-PBOlllNENT FAMILIES ••• _ ·••• ••• 25~34 CHA,PTER IV. Public Health. VITAL SlATISTICS-PBINCIPAL DISEASEs--Fevers-cholera-Other Dis- eases-W ATEB SUPPL\-DlET-SANiTATION-VACClNATION-DIS- · .. PBNSABIES-QUJNlNB DISTBIBUTII)N ••• 35-39 X TABLE OF CONTENTS. CHAPTER V. Agriculture. PAGES. GE~ERAL CONDITIONS-TRACTS OF FERTILI'rY-SOlts-PRINCIPAL CROPS­ Rice-Bha'l<?i Ric~Aghana Rice-Haimanti~ Rice-Boro Rice·­ -Other BhadfJi FooJ crops-RaU Crops-Oilseeds-Jute­ llull>erry-Mango-Tobacco-lo~ig_o-Sugarcane-Vegetables and Fruits-AGRICULTURAL STATISTICS -Improvements iu methods of - cultivation-Manure-AGRICULTURAL • LOANS-CATTLE-Veterinary Assistance .... .,.., 40-49 :CHAPTER VI. Natural Calamities. Ji'LOODs-~'Ioods of 1885-Fiood of 1906-FAMINE-Famine of 1866-• Famine-of 1873-74-Scarcity of 1885-1897, 1908-HAILSTORMS- Hailstorm of 1907 ~ •• 5o-52 CHAPTER VII. Rents, wages and Prices. RENTS-~Out>y Rents-~4dhiar anti T,·i/dtuti-Halha~U-Pauran­ Shika-METHODS OF U&~·r CoLLECTlON-ABWABs-CosTOHS OF LAND . .HOLDINa---:-DiaraCu::~tllmf!-UAILY WAGES -INCOME OF AGRICULTURISTS -MONEY RATEs-INDERTEDNEss-Co-OPEkATIVE SociETIES-PRICES --GENERAL Ecm~oMIC CoNDITIONS CHAPTER VIII.· occupations, Manufactures and Trade • . OooUPATioxs-MA.NUFlCTUREs-Silk Fabrics-Raw Silk Production­ Silk weaving-Modern History of the Silk lndu,.,try-Cottou cloth ~veaving-MANGO TRADE-RICE POUNDING-BRASS AND BELL-METAL WORK-LAc-SALTPETRE-FISH-JUNGLE PRODUCE-TRADE-Ex­ ports and Imports-Trade Centres-FAIRS-WEIGHTS, AND MEASURRS ••• 59-67 TABLE OF CONTENTS. xi CHAPTER IX. Means of Communication. - PAGES. STEAMER AND RAIL SYSTEM-ROAD SYSTEM-\V ATER COMMUNIC.\TION­ POSTAI. COMMU.SICATION 68-70 CHAPTER X. Land Revenue and GenePal Admlnlstpatlon. l"ORMATWN OF THF. DISTRICT -LAND REVFNUE-SURVUS-GOVERNMENT EsTATES-LAND TEsrRKs-GENERAL ADMINISTRATION-HEVENUJC OJ!' DISTRICT-LAND-Excise-St.amps--Cess-lncome-Tax-Regis­ tration --OTHER HOURCES OF JNCOME-C!VIl JUSTICE-CRIMINAL J l'STI cE-C RIM 11:-Police-Gaols . .... 71-'17 CHAPTER XI. Local Self•GovePnment. DISTRICT BoARD-MUNICIPALITIEs-English Bazar-Oid Malda-Nawab- ganj ·~· 78-80 CHAPTER XII. Education. I'ROGRESS OF. EDUCATION-SECONDARY EDUCATION-High English Schools -Middle Eu~lisb, Middle Vernacular and Primary Schools-Special Schooi~-National Schools-FEMALE EDUCATION ••• 81-83 CHAPTER XIII. GazetteeP of DlstPict•. Amaniganj-Bholahat-English Bazar-Gaur-Mahii.dipur-Miilda (Old Malda)-Nawabganj-Pandua- Piclit•li- Rohanpur- Sibgaoj- Tandan (Tanra) 84-99 (NDEX .••• 101-108 101 INDEX. A Ballal Sen, 14. Baisgazi, 86, 89. Abwabs, 54. Bais-Hazari, 19, 29, 34, 73, 95. Abyssinian Slaves, 18. Bais-Hazari Shrine, 9f'. Adhiar, 53. Baishi, 31, 32. Adhidars, 57. Baisnabi, 29. Adinah 1\lo:<que, 16, 94, 97. l3akhtiyar Khilji, 14. Administration of .Justice, 76. Bamangnla, 29, 38; 69, 76 Agarwii.lns, 27. Bangia Kot, 89. Aghani, 42, 50. Baniks, 27. Agriculture, 40. .. Ban Piya, 30. A••ricultural Loans, 48. 0 Bara Darwazi Mosque, 19, 87. Agricultural Statistics, 4 7. Baragharia, 93. Ahmedabad, 63. Barbak Shah-, 18, 89 Ahmed Shah, 17, 97. Barendra, 2, 14. Ahorganj, 5. Bargachi, 4. Akbar (Emperor), 21. Bari Dargah, 95, 96. Akhi Seraj-ad-din, 19, 86, 96. Barind 2, 6, 11, 24. Ala-ad din Husain Shah, 88. 1 (Barendra Bhum), 25, 26, 29, 32, 36, Alal-ul Hu k, 16, 96. 37,, 51, 57, 58, -65, 67, 76, 81, Ali Mubarak, 16. 92, 93, 94, ' 1 Ali Shah, 16. Barlow Girls' School, 83. Altamash (Emperor), 15. Barrow (Mr. Reuben), 87 .. Amaniganj Hat, 61, 84. Batiya Bil, ·6. Amin Khan, 15. Bedatis, 29. Auuiti, 69. Begmahomed, 91. Animism, 31. Beldars, 27. Animist, 27. Bell-metal, 65, 93; . Assam, 14, 88. Bengal Silk Co., 64. Aslhanas, 95. Beveridge (Mr.), 88. Arts, 33. Bliadoi, 25, 41, 50. Aurangzeb, 22, 73, 90. Bhadoi, food crops, 4~. ... Bhagillpur, 24. , B Bhagirathi, 3, 21, 30, 69, 84, 85, 86. Babar, 19. Bhaluka, 5. Bahadur Shah, 21. • Bhars, 11. Baliaghata, 88. Bholabat, 6, 26, 44,.52, 76. 84. Balia-Nawabganj, 92. Bhutan, 14. 102 INDEX. · Bihar, 13, 15, 19, 20, 48, 49. Cornwallis (Lord), 74. Bit.aris, 26, 27, 56. Cotton Cloth Weaving,· 64. _Bil•, G.- Creighton (Mr.), 33, 87, 88, 90. Binds, 33. Criminal Justice, 76. Birbhuni, 60, 62. Crops, 41. · . ~ Birds (Game)., 7. Cunmngham (Mr.), 89, 99. Bogra, !.2. Curzon (lord), 24. Bombay, 63. Customs of landholding, 55. Boro, 42. Cuttack, 24. Botany, 7. Brass, 65, 93. D Brindaban, 19• . Brown (Mr. Andrew), 23.­ Dacca, 22, 23~ 65. Bruce's Annals, 23. Damascus, 97. Dakhil Darwaza, 86, 88. c Dakhil gate, 19. Calcutta, 23.- Darashari, 91 • . Carey (William), 28-. Darbhanga Sheikhs, 27. Cattle, 48. Dargas, 95. Cess, 75. Darjeeling, 69. Chains, 28, 33. Dawad Khan, 21, 22. Chaitanya Deb, 18, 19, 30. Debcote, 15. Chambers U.!r.), 88. Delhi, 20. Chamkutti Mosque, 90. Deshis, 27, 28. Chancha.l, __34, 38, 53, 56, 69, 70, 82. Dhanchak Mosque 91. Chandi Das, 19. Dhaniyas, 27. Chandipur, 44. Dhanpat Saudagar, 91. Chand Saudagar, 91. Dhantola, 44. Chasatis, 27. Dharmapii.la, 13. Chautishi, 31. Diara, 2, 25, 26, 27, 28, 31, 50, 52, Chaukidari Act, 32 ... 55, 58, 65, 68, 72, 92, 93, 99. Chhota BbabTirathi, 3. Diet, 37. · , Chhota Darga, 96. Dilawar Khan, 89. Chota Nagpur, 20. Din~jpur, 1, 6, t 2, 17, 23, 26, 29, 30, Chikha Mo~:~que, 89. 34, 45, 65, 68, 69, 71, 93, 95, 99. Chiragdani, 88. Dispensaries, 38. Chittagoug, 19. Domestic life, 33. ChJ:.istians, 28. Drought, 5l. Churs, 25, 26,-27, 50, 99. Dress, 33. Chtiramon, 4, 69. Duba, 5, 24, 26, 41,_ 49.