RAILWAY TECHNICAL RAILWAY SYSTEMS, TECHNOLOGIES AND OPERATIONS ACROSS THE WORLD CONTENTS DESIGN DETAILS OF RAILWAYS, RAILROADS AND METROS.......................................15 1.1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................... 15 1.2. Deadman .................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.3. Couplers ..................................................................................................................................................... 15 1.4. Fully Automatic Couplers ........................................................................................................................... 20 1.5. Doors .......................................................................................................................................................... 23 1.6. Air Conditioning ......................................................................................................................................... 25 1.7. Escalator Steps ........................................................................................................................................... 26 1.8 Escalator Locations ...................................................................................................................................... 28 1.9. Suicide Pits ................................................................................................................................................. 28 ROLLING STOCK AND EQUIPMENTS ........................................................................30 2.1. AUXILIARY SYSTEMS ON ROLLING STOCK .................................................................................................. 30 2.1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 30 2.1.2. On-Board Services ............................................................................................................................... 30 2.1.3. Air Equipment ..................................................................................................................................... 31 2.1.4. The Compressor .................................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.5 The Pump ............................................................................................................................................. 31 2.1.6. Drives .................................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.7. Cooling ................................................................................................................................................ 32 2.1.8. Drying .................................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.9. Control................................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.10. Synchronisation ................................................................................................................................. 32 2.1.11. Storage .............................................................................................................................................. 33 2.1.12. Distribution ....................................................................................................................................... 33 2.1.13. Angle Cocks ....................................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.14. Automatic Couplers ........................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.15. Air Operated Equipment ................................................................................................................... 34 2.1.16. Traction Equipment ........................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.17. Doors ................................................................................................................................................. 35 1 2.1.18. Air Suspension ................................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.19. Driver's Brake Control ....................................................................................................................... 35 2.1.20. Pantograph Compressor ................................................................................................................... 35 2.2. ELECTRICAL AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT .......................................................................................................... 37 2.2.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 37 2.2.2. On-Board Services ............................................................................................................................... 37 2.2.3. High Voltage and Low Voltage Systems .............................................................................................. 38 2.2.4. Converting HV to LV ............................................................................................................................ 38 2.2.5. Development ....................................................................................................................................... 38 2.2.6. Motor Generators ............................................................................................................................... 39 2.2.7. Motor Alternators ............................................................................................................................... 40 2.2.8. Electronic Auxiliaries ........................................................................................................................... 41 2.2.9. Gaps .................................................................................................................................................... 42 2.3. BOGIE PARTS & DESCRIPTION .................................................................................................................... 44 2.3.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 44 2.4. WHEELS AND BOGIES ................................................................................................................................. 47 2.4.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 47 2.4.2. The Wheel on the Rail ......................................................................................................................... 47 2.4.3. Bogies (Trucks) .................................................................................................................................... 49 2.4.4. Steerable Bogies .................................................................................................................................. 49 2.5. VEHICLE SUSPENSION SYSTEMS ................................................................................................................. 51 2.5.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 51 2.5.2. Development ....................................................................................................................................... 51 2.5.3. Plate Frame Bogie Primary Suspension ............................................................................................... 52 2.5.4. Plate Frame Bogie Secondary Suspension .......................................................................................... 53 2.5.5. Cast Steel Bogies ................................................................................................................................. 54 2.5.6. Equaliser Bar Suspension .................................................................................................................... 56 2.5.7. Rubber Suspension .............................................................................................................................. 57 2.5.8. Air Suspension ..................................................................................................................................... 58 2.6. PBL 90 ELECTRO-PNEUMATIC BRAKE CONTROL SYSTEM ........................................................................... 60 2 2.6.1. Background ......................................................................................................................................... 60 2.6.2. Introduction ........................................................................................................................................ 60 2.6.3. The Parts of the Brake Control Panel .................................................................................................